Operations for the preparation of metal powders for hot isostatic pressing

Powder metallurgy as a method of manufacturing and processing metals is very diverse in its technological methods. This makes it possible to obtain parts of the required quality and necessary properties. Using the methods of powder metallurgy production, specialists can produce the latest composite materials, the production of which is impossible by traditional methods. The production of machine parts and mechanisms from metal powders provides significant savings on material, due to the low consumption coefficient. Metal powders are usually manufactured in specialized factories, but sometimes they are produced directly by the consumer; in this case, the manufacturing process is built in direct accordance with the requirements of this consumer. If the powder comes from a third-party supplier, there is a need for special preparation operations, before starting production, to give the powder certain chemical and physical characteristics. Hot isostatic pressing technology is a complex technological process in which a large number of parameters affect the quality of the final product. The complexity of the GIP process lies in various thermal, physical, and mechanical interactions. In this regard, a large role is played by the processes for preparing the powder for the GIP. The article describes the main operations for the preparation of powder for hot isostatic pressing.

Research on the Measurement and Influencing Factors of Implicit Water Resources in Import and Export Trade from the Perspective of Global Value Chains

In this study, China’s virtual water trade was measured on the basis of multi-region input/output tables, and its influencing factors of change were decomposed. The results revealed that virtual water export and import increased from 161.5 billion tons and 114.07 billion tons in 2007 to 193.31 billion tons and 157.1 billion tons in 2014, respectively. Eight economies accounted for more than 50% of China’s total virtual water export and import, whereby the total of the United States, Japan, and Europe reached 44% (export) and 31.3% (import). The export scale, export of intermediate products, export industry structure, domestic water consumption coefficient, and domestic intermediate input structure were the main factors of the change in virtual water export. The growth of export scale was the primary reason for the growth of virtual water export. A decline in the domestic water consumption coefficient was the primary reason for the restrained growth of virtual water export. The import scale, import of intermediate products, import industry structure, water consumption coefficient of foreign countries, and the correlation among domestic industries were the main factors affecting the change in virtual water import. The growth of import scale was the primary reason for the growth of virtual water import in most sectors. A decline in the water consumption coefficient abroad was the primary reason for the restrained growth of virtual water import.

Influence of microfertilizers on water consumption ratio and yield of chickpea in the Saratov Trans Volga region

The article shows the influence of the main tillage and mineral fertilizers with microelements on the water consumption coefficient and the yield of chickpea grain in the Saratov Trans-Volga region. On average, over three years in chickpea crops, the highest total water consumption was after subsoil tillage - 1240 m3 / ha, which exceeded the control by 64 m3 / ha. Minimal tillage led to an increase in the water consumption coefficient by 533 m3 / t, or 31%. After subsoil tillage it increased by 372 m3 / t, or 22% relative to conventional tillage. Foliar top dressing with microfertilizers in the chickpea branching phase reduced the water consumption ratio by 88–236 m3 / t, which amounted to 4.3–11.4%. A decrease in the depth of the main processing to 10–12 cm led to a 23.5% decrease in the yield of chickpea. Subsoil tillage reduced the yield by 10.3%. Combined soil cultivation did not provide a significant increase in yield relative to control. Foliar feeding of chickpeas in the branching phase with micronutrient fertilizers increases the yield by 5.1–11.9%.

PHYSICO-MECHANICAL AND DEFORMATIVE PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS CLASSES OF CONCRETEON SAND-GRAVEL MIXTURES

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме использования песчано-гравийных смесей (ПГС) для получения бетонов низких и средних классов. В рамках проведенных исследований разработаны составы бетонных смесей для приготовления бетонов классов В7,5-В30 на речных ПГС. С использованием коэффициента расхода цемента проведен сравнительный анализ эффективности рассматриваемых бетонов на песчано-гравийных смесях и обычных бетонов на стандартных заполнителях из песка и щебня. Изучены физико-механические и деформативные свойства различных классов бетонов на ПГС, на основании полученных результатов сделан вывод о целесообразности расширения области применения бетонов с использованием песчано-гравийных смесей. The article is devoted to the actual problem of using sand and gravel mixtures (SGM) to obtain concretes of low and medium classes. As part of the research, the compositions of concrete mixtures were developed for the preparation of concretes of classes B7.5-B30 on river ASGs. Using the cement consumption coefficient, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the considered concretes on sand and gravel mixtures and ordinary concretes on standard aggregates from sand and crushed stone was carried out.Physicomechanical and deformative properties of various classes of concretes on SGM have been studied, on the basis of the results obtained, a conclusion was made about the advisability of expanding the field of application of concretes using sand and gravel mixtures.

Efficiency of new methods of cultivation of various varieties and hybrids of table beet in the conditions of irrigation in the Astrakhan region

Vegetable roots, including table beets, are valuable, irreplaceable components of a rational human diet. A positive feature of this crop is the good keeping quality of its root crops, which ensures year-round consumption of fresh products. During 2019-2020, research on cultivating varieties and hybrids of table beet was conducted at the experimental irrigated area of the Federal state budgetary INSTITUTION "PAFSC RAS". As a result of the field experience, a high-yielding variety of Ethiopian Was identified, which more economically spent water on the formation of marketable products. The lowest water consumption coefficient of 73.7 m3 / t was obtained in the variant using leaf treatment with Aminovit. The maximum biological yield of 83.3 t / ha for this variety was obtained on the variant with leaf treatment with complex mineral fertilizer Aminovit. With these indicators, the increase to the control was +19.9 t / ha. The commercial yield was 61.3 t / ha, while the percentage of marketability was 74.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Freight Demand Based on Input-Output Model

Freight demand is a highly variable process over economic and industrial structure, and accurate freight demand forecasting is the basis of transportation planning. In order to clarify the influencing factors of freight volume so as to analyze and predict the change trend of freight volume accurately, this paper analyzes the impact of changes in economic, industrial structure, and complete consumption coefficients on freight demand, through constructing an input-output model for transportation value analysis and forecasting freight volume by fitting data of transportation value and freight traffic. Studies have shown that the growth in economic aggregate is the main reason for the increase in the value of transportation, and the change in the complete consumption coefficient is the main reason for the increase in freight traffic.

Research on Smart City Construction and Industry Correlation Effect Based on the Comparative Analysis of Beijing and Tianjin

Based on the 20121 Beijing and Tianjin Budget Supplementary Table, by calculating the direct consumption coefficient of the smart industry, it reveals the degree of connection between smart city construction and the sub-industries of the secondary and tertiary industries, and a comparative analysis of the two places, To decompose the problems encountered by the smart industry in the economic development and the impact, as shown below: smart industry has a close relationship with other industries; some industries that should begin to play an important role in the construction of smart cities have not yet been reflected; for Beijing and Tianjin, the direct consumption and transformation of the smart industry in the tertiary industry and sub-industry of the two places is not big, but the direct consumption and transformation in the secondary industry and the sub-industry are significant.