REVIEW ARTICLE ON PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Pulsatile drug delivery systems (PDDS) are acquiring a lot of interest as they deliver the medication at the perfect place at the perfect time and in the perfect amount, subsequently giving spatial and transient delivery and increasing patient consistency. These systems are designed by the circadian rhythm of the body. The primary reasoning for the utilization of pulsatile arrival of the medications is the place where a consistent medication release is not desired. A pulse must be planned so that a complete and rapid medication release is accomplished after the lag time. A different system such as capsular system, osmotic system, single-and multiple unit system dependent on the utilization of soluble or erodible polymer coating, and the utilization of rupturable films has been managed in the article. It sums up the most recent technology development, formulation parameter, and delivery profiles of this system. PDDS is helpful for the medications having chronopharmacological conduct where night-time dosing is required, such as anti-arrhythmic, anti-ulcerative, and anti-asthmatic, and so on The momentum survey article talked about the explanations behind the advancement of the PDDS, benefits, limitation, mechanism of medication release, need for pulsatile drug delivery, a disease that requires pulsatile technology, classification, and future parts of PDDS.

Recent Trends in Chronopharmaceutics, Pulsatile Drug Delivery System

Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems (PDDS) are getting considerable interest in delivering a drug at the correct position, at the correct time, and in the correct quantity, thus offering temporal, spatial, and intelligent delivery with improving patient compliance. These systems are intended to meet body's biological rhythm. Here, the delivery of drugs is assisted by the rhythm of disease. The main reason for the using pulsatile drug release is when the continuous drug release is not required. A PDDS must be designed in such a way that after the lag time a complete and fast release of drugs is achieved. The article deals with various systems such as osmotic system, capsular system, single and multi-unit system based on the utilization of erodible or soluble polymer coating and using of rupturable membrane. These systems are favorable to drugs with chronopharmacological behaviors such as drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis. The current review paper focus on the causes for pulsatile drug delivery system design, types of illness requiring pulsatile release, classification, benefits, and restriction of this drug delivery system

Length, width, and volume changes in osmotically stressed myocytes

Sarcomere lengths, cell widths, and cell volumes were determined from photomicrographs and direct optical imaging of Ca2+-tolerant myocytes dispersed from collagenase-perfused whole rat myocardium. Individual unattached cells were examined at rest first in the normosmotic Ca2+-Tyrode saline solution and then in a sequence of hypotonic or hypertonic Tyrode solutions. Myocytes swell and shrink in hypotonic and hypertonic media but not as much as expected for an ideal uniform osmotic system. Furthermore, these changes were not proportional in the longitudinal and radial directions. These data suggest an 18% osmotically inactive volume and significant internal radial and longitudinal load-bearing structures within these cardiac myocytes.