Neumotoxicidad y hepatotoxicidad por Crotalaria pallida en el modelo de intoxicación subcrónica en ovinos

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el potencial de intoxicación subcrónica de Crotalaria pallida en ovinos. Se utilizaron seis carneros, alimentados con heno y agua potable ad libitum, y 200 g/animal/día de ración balanceada comercial. Los ovinos fueron distribuidos en un grupo control (G1) con dos animales y un grupo experimental (G2) con cuatro animales. En la dieta de G2 se incluyó 8 g de materia seca (MS) de C. pallida por kilogramo de peso vivo durante 28 días. Todos los animales fueron evaluados clínicamente c/24 h. Se les pesó y se tomaron muestras de sangre para hemograma y perfil hepático y renal en los días 0, 14 y 28 posexposición a C. pallida. Los animales fueron sacrificados al final del estudio para la toma de muestras para análisis histopatológico. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos con respecto al examen clínico, hemograma y bioquímica sanguínea; sin embargo, en el estudio histopatológico se evidenció engrosamiento moderado de los septos alveolares en pulmón, cambio vacuolar severo en hígado y proteinuria moderada en riñón en los animales expuestos a C. pallida.

Fabaceae em um afloramento rochoso no Semiárido brasileiro

Resumo Este trabalho consiste no levantamento florístico-taxonômico de Fabaceae em um afloramento rochoso situado no Semiárido paraibano, Nordeste brasileiro. Foram registradas 28 espécies em 22 gêneros e três subfamílias: Caesalpinioideae (12 spp.), Detarioideae (1 spp.) e Papilionoideae (15 spp.). As espécies Ancistrotropis peduncularis, Crotalaria pallida e Mimosa acutistipula consistem em novos registros para a flora da Paraíba. Foram produzidas chaves dicotômicas para as subfamílias e respectivas espécies, descrições para gêneros e espécies, comentários taxonômicos, dados de distribuição geográfica, ambientes, floração, frutificação e imagens das espécies encontradas durante esse estudo.

Experimental poisoning by Crotalaria lanceolata and Crotalaria pallida seeds in broilers

ABSTRACT: Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey. and Crotalaria pallida Aiton. are leguminous plants of family Fabaceae found in most of the Brazilian territory. They were initially used as green manure and due their easy spread they are currently considered weeds in crops. Soybean and corn contamination can occur through the mechanical harvesting of these grains along with seeds of the Crotalaria species, which end up in the formulation of feed for production animals. Crotalaria spp. genus has toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). Most plant species belonging to this genus can cause acute or chronic liver injury. In a first stage, one-day old broilers were divided into three groups: Group A (C. pallida seeds), Group B (C. lanceolata seeds), and Group C (Control). Groups A and B were divided into five subgroups, each with eight broilers, which received the following doses of the respective seeds in feed as of the 7th day of age: daily doses of 0.4%, 0.8% and 2.5%, and single doses of 15% and 25%. Four broilers in each study group were euthanized at 28 days of age - completing 21 days of seed consumption, and the four remaining broilers were euthanized at 42 days of age - completing 35 days of seed consumption. In a second stage, experiments were conducted using seeds of both the aforementioned plants with 28-day old broilers. These were divided into three groups of four animals each: Group D (C. pallida seeds) and Group E (C. lanceolata seeds), which received the respective seeds at daily doses of 1% and 2% in feed for 20 days, and Group F (Control). These broilers were euthanized when they were 80 days old. C. lanceolata seeds showed higher toxicity to broilers than C. pallida seeds, both supplied as of the 7th day of life. Clinical signs included inappetence, ruffled feathers, and brown diarrhea. The following gross lesions were observed: subcutaneous edema, ascites, hydropericardium, yellowish liver with hypertrophy or atrophy and enhanced lobular pattern, and distended gallbladder. Histologic lesions present in all birds in varying degrees were characterized by tumefaction and vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes. The following clinical conditions and gross lesions were observed in the broilers: hepatocyte megalocytosis and karyomegaly, slight biliary epithelial hyperplasia, eosinophilic spheroids, and nuclear invagination with loss of hepatocyte cord architecture.

Identifikasi Gulma Pada Kebun Singkong (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Di Desa Nitakloang Kecamatan Nita Kabupaten Sikka Tahun 2018

Penelitian tentang identifikasi gulma pada kebun singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) di Desa Nitakloang, Kecamatan Nita, Kabupaten Sikka bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis gulma, kerapatan, indeks dominansi dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli hingga Agustus 2018 dengan menggunakan metode transek garis. Jumlah stasiun yang digunakan adalah 4 stasiun yaitu dusun Baoponun, dusun Kojalaka, dusun Blatat, dusun Nitakloang. Masing-masing stasiun memiliki 3 transek garis. Setiap transek garis dibuat 10 plot pengambilan sampel. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 18 famili dan 31 spesies gulma. Nilai kerapatan gulma berkisar dari 0,008 ind/ m² - 9, 116 ind/ m². Nilai kerapatan gulma tertinggi yaitu 9,116 ind/ m² pada spesies Ageratum conyzoides dan nilai kerapatan gulma terendah yaitu 0,008 ind/ m² pada spesies Crotalaria pallida. Indeks dominansi gulma termasuk kategori dominansi rendah yaitu 0,12 dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis termasuk kategori keanekaragaman sedang yaitu H = 1,1187. Spesies gulma yang paling seringditemukan dalam setiap plot sampel adalah Ageratum conyzoides (babandotan), Euphorbia hirta (patikan), Alternanthera sessillis (rumput kremeh) dan yang paling sedikit muncul adalah Crotalaria pallida (rumput orok-orok).

Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Crotalaria pallida Aiton (Fam: Fabaceae) Leaves

The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract of Crotalaria pallida Aiton (Family: Fabaceae) leaves based on its traditional uses in the treatment of urinary disorders, external application as a poultice to treat painful swelling of joints and to reduce fever. The anti-nociceptive effect was assessed in mice using acetic acidinduced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking and tail immersion assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract at different doses (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg bw) significantly (p<0.001) and dose-dependently reduced pain by 37.50% and 47.70%, respectively. The extract also significantly inhibited formalininduced paw licking in mice at both the early and late phases. In the tail immersion test, the extract caused a significant inhibition of pain (64.91% inhibition after 4 hrs) at a dose of 100 mg/kg. C. pallida exhibited a considerable inhibition of paw oedema development in the carrageenan-induced oedema test. The findings of the study suggested that C. pallida leaves have significant anti-nociceptive and antiinflammatory effects, confirming the traditional uses of this plant in the treatment of various diseases associated with pain and inflammation.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 165-171, 2017