Using Live-Cell Imaging and Synthetic Biology to Probe Directed Migration in Dictyostelium

For decades, the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has been an invaluable tool for dissecting the biology of eukaryotic cells. Its short growth cycle and genetic tractability make it ideal for a variety of biochemical, cell biological, and biophysical assays. Dictyostelium have been widely used as a model of eukaryotic cell motility because the signaling and mechanical networks which they use to steer and produce forward motion are highly conserved. Because these migration networks consist of hundreds of interconnected proteins, perturbing individual molecules can have subtle effects or alter cell morphology and signaling in major unpredictable ways. Therefore, to fully understand this network, we must be able to quantitatively assess the consequences of abrupt modifications. This ability will allow us better control cell migration, which is critical for development and disease, in vivo. Here, we review recent advances in imaging, synthetic biology, and computational analysis which enable researchers to tune the activity of individual molecules in single living cells and precisely measure the effects on cellular motility and signaling. We also provide practical advice and resources to assist in applying these approaches in Dictyostelium.

Double-layer deployable mechanical network constructed of Threefold-symmetric Bricard linkages and Sarrus linkages

Threefold-symmetric (TFS) Bricard linkages are known for their excellent deployment performance properties. This paper proposes a novel networking method of TFS Bricard linkages and a double-layer mechanical network. First, the angle relationship for parts of the TFS Bricard linkage is analyzed. Then, the angle relationship of two TFS Bricard linkages connected by a scissor mechanism is studied. The result suggests that when the twist angles of the two TFS Bricard linkages are equal, their corresponding planes are parallel, and the link lengths have no effect on the parallel relationship. A novel networking method of the TFS Bricard linkage is recommended according to these results. This mechanical network is constructed of two different sized units and can be plane deployed and be folded with a smaller height. We also propose a hybrid linkage constructed of the TFS Bricard linkage and Sarrus linkage. Two kinds of double-layer mechanical networks are suggested by applying the hybrid linkage to a smaller unit in the mechanical network and using the hybrid linkage as the interlayer pillar. The new networking method and the double-layer mechanical network provide convenience for the TFS Bricard linkage's engineering application.

A review of the mechanical inerter: historical context, physical realisations and nonlinear applications

In this paper, a review of the nonlinear aspects of the mechanical inerter will be presented. The historical context goes back to the development of isolators and absorbers in the first half of the twentieth century. Both mechanical and fluid-based nonlinear inerter devices were developed in the mid- and late twentieth century. However, interest in the inerter really accelerated in the early 2000s following the work of Smith [87], who coined the term ‘inerter’ in the context of a force–current analogy between electrical and mechanical networks. Following the historical context, both fluid and mechanical inerter devices will be reviewed. Then, the application of nonlinear inerter-based isolators and absorbers is discussed. These include different types of nonlinear energy sinks, nonlinear inerter isolators and geometrically nonlinear inerter devices, many relying on concepts such as quasi-zero-stiffness springs. Finally, rocking structures with inerters attached are considered, before conclusions and some future directions for research are presented.

Survey on Machine Learning Based Video Analytics Techniques

Video information has turned into the biggest wellspring of information expended all inclusive. Because of the fast development of applications which are related to video applications and requests of boosting for greater surpassing video administrations, video information volume has expanding violently around the world, which is the serious challenge for media processing, capacity and transmission. Video coding by packing recordings into a lot littler size is also key arrangements; in any case, its advancement has turned out to be soaked somewhat while the pressure proportion consistently develops over the most recent three decades. Machine inclining calculations, particularly those utilizing profound realizing, which are equipped for finding learning from unstructured huge information and giving information driven forecasts, give new chances to further updating video coding advancements. In this survey, we try to express an audit on AI based video encoding streamlining, expecting to furnish specialists with a solid establishment and rouse future improvements for information driven video coding. Initially, we investigate the portrayals furthermore, information about redundant videos. Besides, we audit the improvement of video coding models and key prerequisites. Hence, we exhibit a foundational review on the ongoing advances also difficulties related regarding AI based video coding enhancements from following key viewpoints, such as high effectiveness, low unpredictability and also high visual quality. Their work processes, delegate plans, exhibitions, focal points and disservices are broke down in detail. At long last, the difficulties and openings are recognized, which may furnish the scholastic and mechanical networks with preparation and potential bearings for eventual research.

Mobility Analysis of the Threefold-Symmetric Bricard Linkage and Its Network

In this study, the mobility of the threefold-symmetric Bricard linkage and its network are analyzed using screw theory. First, the screw motion equation of the linkage is derived. By applying the modified Grübler–Kutzbach criterion, we deduce that the degree of freedom (DOF) of the linkage is equal to 1. Then, we analyze the mechanical network constructed of threefold-symmetric Bricard linkages and provide its topological constraint graph. Using graph theory and screw theory, the constraint matrix of the mechanical network is obtained. Then, we solve the matrix rank via linear column transformation. Results show that the DOF of the mechanical network is equal to 1. The mobility analysis method of the mechanical network proposed in this study facilitates the solution of the constraint matrix rank and can be used as a reference for other mechanical networks constructed of single-loop linkages.