Copper acetate-facilitated transfer-free growth of high-quality graphene advancing hydrovoltaic electricity generators

ABSTRACT Direct synthesis of high-quality graphene on dielectric substrates without a transfer process is of vital importance to aim at a variety of applications. Current strategies for boosting high-quality graphene growth, such as remote metal catalyzation otherwise are limited by poor performance with respect to the release of metal catalysts and hence suffer from the problem of metal residues. Herein, we report an effective approach that utilizes a metal-containing species, copper acetate, to continuously supply copper clusters in a gaseous form to aid transfer-free growth of graphene over a wafer scale. The thus-derived graphene films were found to show reduced multilayer density and improved electrical performance and exhibited a carrier mobility of 8500 cm2 V−1 s−1. Furthermore, droplet-based hydrovoltaic electricity generator devices based on directly grown graphene were found to exhibit robust voltage output and long cyclic stability, in stark contrast to their counterpart based on transferred graphene, demonstrating its potential for emerging energy harvesting applications. The work presented here offers a promising solution to organize the metal catalytic booster toward the transfer-free synthesis of high-quality graphene and enable smart energy generation.

Pak-Iran Relations Possibilities And Restrictions

This research paper intend to analyse the Pak-Iran economic and non-economic ties in view of local and international remonstrances stemmed post 1979. This would probe the inward and outward remonstrances to the link, mainly the part of India and US. This would too analyse possibilities accessible to both allies for enhancing their ties in to boost its worth and endurance. Pakistan is a Muslim state that is influenced by the U.S. averting the free growth of its society and throbbing its political sovereignty. At the same time, India is increasing its impact in South Asian security complex through creating bonds with the west surrounding states of Pakistan. The US-Indo tactical bond is also demarcating the equilibrium of strength in India’s benefit; thus, Pakistan is pressurized on east and west and critically risking the exterior security situation of the country. This study analyses Pak-Iran tie in view of this nexus of ties among the asserting and collaborating powers.

Catalyst-free Growth of Single- to Few-Layered Graphene on Ionic Liquid Surfaces at Room Temperature

Environmental protection, energy-saving and efficient preparation of graphene is a long-term pursuit in this field. Here, single- to few-layered graphene is successfully fabricated on ionic liquid surfaces by a modified...