International Conference PhysicA.SPb/2021

The International Conference PhysicA. SPb was held 18-22 October 2021 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The Conference continues the tradition of St.Petersburg Seminars on Physics and Astronomy originating from mid-90s. Since then PhysicA.SPb maintains both scientific and educational quality of contributions delivered to the audience. This is the main feature of the Conference that makes it possible to combine the whole spectrum of modern Physics and Astronomy within one event. PhysicA. SPb/2021 has brought together over 400 academics from many universities and research institutes across whole Russia as well as from USA, UK, South Africa, Poland, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Azerbaijan, and Australia. Oral and poster presentations were combined into well-defined sections among which one should name Astronomy and Astrophysics, Optics and spectroscopy, Physics of ferroics, Nanostructured and thin-film materials, Mathematical physics and numerical methods, Devices and materials for the THz and microwave ranges, Biophysics, Optoelectronic devices, Surface phenomena, Physics and technology of energy conversion, Plasma physics, hydrodynamics and aerodynamics, Nuclear and elementary particle physics, Impurities and defects in solids, Multilayered structures, Spectroscopy of atoms and molecules and Physics of quantum structures. This issue of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series presents the extended contributions from participants of PhysicA.SPb/2021 that were peer-reviewed by expert referees through processes administered by the Presiders of the Organising and Program Committees to the best professional and scientific standards. This was made possible by the efforts of the Sectional and Technical Editors of this Issue: Prof. Petr Arseev (Lebedev Physical Institute), Prof. Alexander Ivanchik (Ioffe Institute), Prof. Polina Ryabochkina (Ogarev Mordova State University), Prof. Yuri Kusraev (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Sergey Nekrasov (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Nikolay Bert (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Nikita Gordeev (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Alexey Popov (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Prokhor Alekseev (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Mikhail Dunaevskii (Ioffe Institute), Prof. Mikhail Nestoklon (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Andrey Dunaev (Orel State University), Prof. Anton Vershovskii (Ioffe Institute), Dr. Vadim Evtikhiev (Ioffe Institute), Prof. Alexey Ustinov (St.Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”), Dr. Alexandra Kalashnikova (Ioffe Institute), Prof. Ivan Mitropolsky (NRC Kurchatov Institute - PNPI), Dr. Evgenia Cherotchenko (Ioffe Institute) and Prof. Dmitry Khokhlov (Moscow State University). The Editors: Nikita S. Averkiev, Sergey A. Poniaev and Grigorii S. Sokolovskii

Accounting for meteorological effects in the detector of the charged component of cosmic rays

In this paper, we discuss the influence of meteorological effects on the data of the ground installation CARPET, which is a detector of the charged component of secondary cosmic rays (CRs). This device is designed in the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI, Moscow, Russia) and installed at the Dolgoprudny scientific station (Dolgoprudny, Moscow region; 55.56∘ N, 37.3∘ E; geomagnetic cutoff rigidity (Rc = 2.12 GV) in 2017. Based on the data obtained in 2019–2020, the barometric and temperature correction coefficients for the CARPET installation were determined. The barometric coefficient was calculated from the data of the barometric pressure sensor included in the installation. To determine the temperature effect, we used the data of upper-air sounding of the atmosphere obtained by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Central Aerological Observatory” (CAO), also located in Dolgoprudny. Upper-air sounds launch twice a day and can reach an altitude of more than 30 km.

Accounting for meteorological effects in the the detector of the charged component of cosmic rays

In this paper, we discuss the influence of meteorological effects on the data of the ground installation CARPET, which is a detector of the charged component of secondary cosmic rays (CRs). This device is designed in the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI, Moscow, Russia) and installed at the Dolgoprudny scientific station (Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, S55.56 °, W37.3 °; Rc = 2.12 GV) in 2017. Based on the data obtained in 2019–2020, the barometric and temperature coefficients for the CARPET installation were determined. The barometric coefficient was calculated from the data of the barometric pressure sensor included in the installation. To determine the temperature effect, we used the data of upper-air sounding of the atmosphere obtained by the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Central Aerological Observatory» (CAO), also located in Dolgoprudny.

The 1970–1984 lunar laser ranging observations in the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory

The Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) has been the main method of study of the dynamics of the Sun-Earth-Moon system since 1969 to present. Lunar parts of the three modern high-precision ephemerides of the Solar system bodies are based solely on LLR measurements: DE (USA), EPM (Russia), INPOP (France). LLR measurements allow to determine parameters of lunar orbital and rotational motion, as well as some parameters related to terrestrial and lunar tides, and also fundamental relativistic parameters. Those parameters were determined from LLR with high accuracy by different authors. In USSR, LLR measurements were performed in the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO) in Nauchny, on the 2.6 m Shajn’s Zenith telescope (ZTSh) with an automated laser ranging system developed by the Russian Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI). Within the time span of 1969–1984, 1400 measurements were obtained. Unlike LLR measurements done in other observatories, they were eventually forgotten and have not made their way into the dataset that is used by scientists worldwide to build lunar ephemerides and conduct other lunar research. The main reason for writing this paper was the discovery by Tryapitsyn, a researcher at the Katziveli station of CrAO, of old printouts containing the 1970–1984 LLR observations made with the ZTSh 2.6 m telescope. Some details were missing from the printouts, which required careful restoration work. In this paper the history of those LLR observations with surrounding historical events is presented, and some details of the analysis these observations are described. Of particular interest is the finding related to the three normal points of Lunokhod-1 ranges obtained in 1974 that allowed Odile Calame to determine the rover’s position with a few kilometers accuracy. Unfortunately, the accuracy was not sufficient for other researchers to confirm and pin down the location of the rover.

Observations of the gamma-ray pulsar J1836+5925 at 111 MHz

We describe the 10-day radio observations of the gamma-ray pulsar J1836+5925. Observations were carried out in the Pushchino Radio Astronomical Observatory at the frequency of 111 MHz using the Large Phased Array of the Lebedev Physical Institute.

Treatment of rhinophyma using a copper vapor laser

Background.Rhinophyma is considered to be the most severe stage of rosacea, associated with the proliferation of the nose skin epithelium, hyperproduction of the sebaceous glands and telangiectasia.The treatment of rhinophyma remains a difficult task. One of the problems associated with rhinophyma is thickened and lumpy skin, penetrated with telangiectasias. The use of laser radiation in the treatment of rhinophyma seems to be promising, since this method allows blood vessels to be selectively heated.For the first time, we describe the treatment of rhinophyma using a copper vapour laser (CVL) equipped with a computerized scanner.Patient description.A 63-year-old male with Fitzpatrick skin type II was treated using an CVL (‘Yakhroma-med' model, RaS P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute). The clinical manifestations of the disease were typical of the phymatous or hypertrophic rhinophyma type, including significant thickening of the tissues and an uneven roughness of the skin surface. The treatment was carried out using a radiation wavelength of 578 nm, exposure duration of 0.2 s and energy exposure (fluence) of 15-30 J/cm2. Operational parameters used for the CVL in the scanner mode were the average power of 0.6-1.2 W and the focusing size of the light spot on the skin of 0.6 mm. The hexagonal mode of the scanning head was used with a maximum size of 12 mm and 1 mm distance between the centres of the laser spots. The treatment resulted in the restoration of the natural nose shape without redness. No side effects were noted.Conclusion:CVL radiation provided a selective photodisruption of the vessels with increased diameter.Due to the remodelling of the vasculature, the described method showed excellent results in the treatment of rhinophyma without side effects.