collège de sociologie
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2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Justine Brisson

Bataille, Barthes et Foucault ont envisagé à un moment de leur vie de se soustraire à la communauté politique. Selon eux, la communauté politique — sous la forme élargie (nation, patrie, État, etc.) ou universelle (le genre humain) — ne permet pas la vie différenciée, tant dans ses rythmes que dans ses formes. Tous ont voulu se mettre à distance de la société en cherchant à s’arrimer à de nouvelles communautés, restreintes et électives. Ils ne conçoivent donc pas le retrait comme une voie solitaire. Barthes a fantasmé des communautés idiorrythmiques ; Foucault a réfléchi aux potentielles nouvelles façons de vivre dont les communautés homosexuelles pourraient être porteuses et Bataille s’est essayé à diverses tentatives de communautés secrètes, d’Acéphale au Collège de sociologie. Pourtant, toutes ces tentatives communautaires se sont révélées décevantes, dès lors qu’elles n’étaient plus simple fantasme ou utopie. Nous voudrions montrer que dès l’instant où il y a « calcification » d’une forme commune, il s’ensuit une atteinte au rythme individuel et à l’irréductible singularité que poursuit l’écrivain. Soit la communauté est rattrapée par la norme, ou appelée à se généraliser, et alors elle ne permet plus la vie différenciée. Soit elle est réinvestie par des relations de pouvoirs, et la figure d’un chef finit fatalement par émerger. Soit elle se dissout en l’absence d’une œuvre à produire ou d’une cause commune à laquelle s’arrimer. C’est ce que nous appellerons l’aporie de l’impossible communauté.


Author(s):  
Stephan Moebius

This article analyzes three key stages in the development of the sociology of the sacred: the Durkheim school, the Collège de Sociologie, and the work of Hans Joas. First, it shows that the Collège de Sociologie was deeply influenced by the Durkheimians’ studies on religion and the gift but interpreted them in a very specific way. Whereas the Collège and the Durkheim school agree on the importance of the sacred for social cohesion, they disagree on other important theoretical, methodological, and political issues. Second, it compares Hans Joas’s studies on sacralization processes to the Durkheimian sociology of religion and the sacred sociology of the Collège. It argues that Joas’s analyses, even though they are inspired by Durkheim, in particular go beyond the Durkheim school and the Collège in three respects: (a) they provide an account of the articulation of the experience of the sacred; (b) they ground sacralization processes in a theory of action; and (c) they contextualize sacralization processes in terms of a sociology of institutions and power.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (32) ◽  
pp. 221-260
Author(s):  
Renato Amado Peixoto

Poucos anos antes do início da Segunda Guerra, delinear-se-ia na França a aproximação entre o socialismo e o esoterismo ocidental. Esse esforço, produzido no entorno do Collège de Sociologie como reação ao Fascismo, visava reativar ideias e esforços que podem ser rastreados desde a Revolução Francesa A metanarrativa daí resultante, operada por vários intelectuais à volta de Georges Bataille, dentre os quais Walter Benjamin e Pierre Klossowski, procurou fixar suas origens no Valentianismo e, depois, na teologia romana. Visava-se criar uma alternativa intelectual ao marxismo por meio das ideias de Fourier, Blanqui, Sade e Nietzsche, produzindo um constructo que iria influenciar decisivamente o Pós-estruturalismo na década de 1960.


2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Tomasz Swoboda

TOWARDS THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF POST-SECULARISM: THE EXAMPLE OF COLLÈGE DE SOCIOLOGIEFounded by Georges Bataille, Roger Caillois and Michel Leiris, and conceived as a reaction of leftist Paris intellectuals against fascism, the College of Sociology is an interesting example of the mixture of different types of post-secular thought — a-theological Bataille, community Caillois, intimate Leiris — imagined as a remedy against the mythical forces handled with brio by the European rights of the 1930s. Already analyzed on the political and discursive level, the College also lends itself to an anthropological analysis in which the post-secular aspect finds a basis in the conception of the “new man,” and proves useful in the interpretation of contemporary post-secularism.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2019) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Arthur Hoffmann

Rausch und Exzess lassen sich mit den Theorien des Collège de Sociologie im Rahmen des Festes als eine anthropologische Konstante mit eminent gesellschaftlicher Relevanz begreifen. Obwohl sich auch heute noch strukturelle Analogien zu den idealtypischen Festen archaischer Gesellschaften finden, kann weiterführend aus einer kulturökonomischen Perspektive aufgezeigt werden, dass sich die Funktion des Festes in der Gegenwartsgesellschaft gewandelt hat. So erscheinen Rausch und Exzess heute nicht mehr als das Andere des profanen gesellschaftlichen Lebens, sondern werden im Sinne der Optimierung des unternehmerischen Selbst in die ökonomische Rationalität integriert. Die Funktion des Festes geht aber über die kulturkapitalistische Adaption archaischer Überbleibsel hinaus: Mit der Fiktion von Rausch und Ekstase verspricht sich eine emotional-efferveszente Erlebnisqualität der Feste, die in der Gegenwartsgesellschaft aber de facto nicht (mehr) existiert. Damit wird die durch das Paradigma der Nutzenmaximierung vorangetriebene Sinnentleerung kaschiert und der gesellschaftliche Zusammenbruch, so die These des Beitrags, vorerst verhindert.


Author(s):  
Vincent P. Pecora

Georges Bataille (September 10, 1897–July 9, 1962) was a French writer who synthesized ideas from many disciplines. He converted to Catholicism at the start of World War I, joined a seminary, and had abandoned the Church by 1920, entering into psychoanalysis and also suffering from tuberculosis. He embarked on a pilgrimage to transgression, combining sadistic pain, sexual pleasure, and the sacred ecstasy of sacrifice. By day, he was a librarian at the Bibliothèque nationale, focusing on medieval artefacts; his nights he devoted to brothels. He drew ideas from Gilles de Rais, the Marquis de Sade, Friedrich Nietzsche, Marcel Mauss, and Alexandre Kojève’s reading of Hegel. Bataille was a dissenting surrealist, finally breaking with André Breton after they formed the anti-fascist Contre-attaque circle. Bataille, Michel Leiris, and Roger Caillois founded the Collège de Sociologie (1937–1939), devoted to sacred forms of transgression, and the journal Acéphale. His major novels, Histoire de l’oeil [Story of the Eye] and Le Bleu du Ciel [Blue of Noon], later achieved cult status. Bataille developed Mauss’ work on the gift and potlatch into a notion of dépense [expenditure], rejecting the utilitarian labor theory of value ("restricted economy") for the idea that sexual, moral, economic, and political value is produced by the glorious "general economy" of waste and destruction. Bataille applied this idea to fascist psychology and throughout La Part maudite [The Accursed Share], his grandiose history of economics, the scapegoat, and the dépense of the Marshall Plan after WWII.


Author(s):  
Paul Sheehan

A discussion group of French intellectuals established in Paris in March 1937, the Collège de Sociologie lasted until late 1939.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Vilaça Goyatá

O presente trabalho pretende explicitar o contexto de formação e as principais propostas de uma experiência efêmera, mas não por isso menos significativa, ocorrida na França do entreguerras: o Collège de Sociologie. Fundado em 1937 para ser um grupo de estudos em torno de alguns temas de interesse comum entre seus organizadores – Georges Bataille (1897-1962), Michel Leiris (1901-1991) e Roger Caillois (1913-1987) – o grupo teve também o intuito de ser um lócus de ação política. A noção de sagrado, clássica na teoria antropológica francesa a partir de seu uso no trabalho de Émile Durkheim (1858-1917), Les formes eléméntaires de la vie religieuse (1912), ganha no Collège grande destaque: busca-se compreender essa idéia e, mais que isso, torná-la uma prática. Nesse sentido, há uma leitura renovada da noção mobilizada pela antropologia precedente: o sagrado é tanto objeto de estudo quanto perspectiva de análise que permite olhar para a sociedade contemporânea e, no limite, transformá-la.


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