Removal of Toxic Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater Using Zeolite (4A) Prepared from Local Clays Taken from the Slopes of the Tigris River

The massive scale of industrial development has resulted in environmental pollution in general and water contamination in particular. It is important at the present time to treat water for the purpose of eliminating or reducing pollutants, especially toxic pollutants, such as phenol compounds. In this study, zeolite (4A) was prepared firstly from the available and cheap materials using an inclined rotary disk. Then, physical, mechanical, and chemical properties were also studied. Experiments were conducted to determine these properties using local clay and the following results were obtained: Zeolite (4A) 70% and clay 30%, the time of calcination 3 h at a temperature of 850��C, breakage resistance of 17 Ib pounds, surface area 530-590 m2/g, grinding value 14% and moisture absorption ratio 30%. The prepared zeolite (4A) was used in the process of removing phenolic compounds (chlorophenol, nitrophenol) by the adsorption method. Different amounts of prepared zeolite (5g/l and 10g/L) will be used in the treatment process and different concentrations (2mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L) of the pollutants Nitrophenol and Chlorophenol were used in the contaminated water tested. The removal process was carried out with a mixing speed of 200 rpm and pH (7.5-8.5). From the results of this study, we note that the highest percentage of Nitrophenol removal is (84.8%) when using an amount of zeolite (5g) and highest percentage of Nitrophenol removal is (95.5%) when using an amount of zeolite (10g) while that the highest percentage of Chlorophenol removal is (78.3%) when using an amount of zeolite (5g) and highest percentage of Chlorophenol removal is (0.894) when using an amount of zeolite (10g) it could be deduced that the percentage of the removal of nitrophenol was higher than that of chlorophenol because its solubility of chlorophenol in water is higher than the solubility of Nitrophenol.

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flows in Rotary Discs

The object of this paper is to model the complex fluid motion that is caused by the rotational motion of rotary disks. In doing so, the rotary disk occupied a normal or parallel position with respect to the fluid flow axis. Various designs of rotary bodies were also applied, with the introduction of fluid through the central opening inside the impeller of the rotating bodies and with the introduction of fluid on the outer surfaces of these impellers (surfaces limited by the largest diameters of the rotary discs). During the modeling, different initial conditions for different structures and positions of rotating bodies were adopted. For each individual stream, flow diagrams are given through a cylindrical fluid stream whose translational motion is complicated by the rotational motion of the friction disks in its flow. The results obtained give a clear picture of the disturbances and changes in the front of the fluid motion wave which can be used as a necessary experience in the design of circulating technological systems.

EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF VELOCITY ROTOR REGIMES ON ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION DRIVED BY A VIBRATION DISC CRUSHER

Among a number of methods for intensifying the process of grinding grain material in the technology of compound feed preparation, one of the most promising can be considered the use of a vibration field, which contributes to the formation of optimal conditions for the timely withdrawal of the finished product from the grinding zone and ensures self-cleaning of the separation surfaces from the remnants of the crushed product (especially when using non-food classes grain), thereby ensuring the maximum throughput of the machine. Given that for grinding in feed production mainly use impact machines, which are adapted to the destruction of solid and at the same time fragile objects, as well as the economic feasibility of processing substandard feed grain, which has completely opposite physical and mechanical characteristics. scheme of vibrating-rotary disk crusher. The essence of the development is to provide a combined force on the material, namely, due to the rotational and vibratory motion of the impact elements of the crusher, a combination of impact destruction and cutting material, which will process both hard and wet material without significantly reducing equipment throughput. In addition, the oscillating mode of the working chamber and, as a consequence, the separation surface will facilitate the timely removal of the finished product from the grinding zone. The next stage of creating a vibrating-rotary crusher, which precedes the design and constructive implementation is to perform theoretical calculations of its parameters, including using the methods of mathematical modeling. Thus, in order to achieve high efficiency of the process of grinding feed by the designed machine, theoretical studies of the relationship between the values of kinematic parameters of the executive bodies and electricity consumption to drive them, the main results of which are presented in the article.

Optimization of parameters and operating modes of the rotary working body for harrowing agricultural crops

The rotary working body with evenly spaced needles along the perimeter is a flat disk (rotating in a longitudinally vertical plane). The technological process of interaction with the soil consists in the fact that when the rotary disk is rolled in the soil layer, the needle is inserted into it, crushing and shifting the soil in the direction of rotation. The degree of soil loosening, rotating freely in a longitudinal vertical plane of the needle disk on the axis depends on several parameters: disk diameter, number of needles, speed, and soil properties. An experimental study of needle working bodies was performed in terms of the influence of the disk size, the number of needles and the speed of movement on the process of soil crumbling.

Operational parameters and modes of rotary working body for harrowing crops

A rotary working body with evenly spaced needles along perimeter is a flat disk (rotating in longitudinal–vertical plane). The technological process of interaction with soil is that when rolling rotary disk in soil layer, needle is introduced into it, crushing and shifting soil in direction of rotation. The degree of soil loosening of freely rotating needle disk on axis in longitudinal–vertical plane depends on several parameters: diameter of a disk, number and shape of needles, speed of progressive motion, soil properties. There was made an analytical research of needle working bodies in terms of influence of sizes of disk and needles on process of their interaction with soil.