scholarly journals Removal of Toxic Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater Using Zeolite (4A) Prepared from Local Clays Taken from the Slopes of the Tigris River

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Hussein A. Alabdly ◽  
Inas J. Al-Nuaemi ◽  
Hussam Nadum Abdalraheem Al Ani ◽  
Simona Cotorcea ◽  
Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Zeolite 4A ◽  
Rotary Disk ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The massive scale of industrial development has resulted in environmental pollution in general and water contamination in particular. It is important at the present time to treat water for the purpose of eliminating or reducing pollutants, especially toxic pollutants, such as phenol compounds. In this study, zeolite (4A) was prepared firstly from the available and cheap materials using an inclined rotary disk. Then, physical, mechanical, and chemical properties were also studied. Experiments were conducted to determine these properties using local clay and the following results were obtained: Zeolite (4A) 70% and clay 30%, the time of calcination 3 h at a temperature of 850��C, breakage resistance of 17 Ib pounds, surface area 530-590 m2/g, grinding value 14% and moisture absorption ratio 30%. The prepared zeolite (4A) was used in the process of removing phenolic compounds (chlorophenol, nitrophenol) by the adsorption method. Different amounts of prepared zeolite (5g/l and 10g/L) will be used in the treatment process and different concentrations (2mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L) of the pollutants Nitrophenol and Chlorophenol were used in the contaminated water tested. The removal process was carried out with a mixing speed of 200 rpm and pH (7.5-8.5). From the results of this study, we note that the highest percentage of Nitrophenol removal is (84.8%) when using an amount of zeolite (5g) and highest percentage of Nitrophenol removal is (95.5%) when using an amount of zeolite (10g) while that the highest percentage of Chlorophenol removal is (78.3%) when using an amount of zeolite (5g) and highest percentage of Chlorophenol removal is (0.894) when using an amount of zeolite (10g) it could be deduced that the percentage of the removal of nitrophenol was higher than that of chlorophenol because its solubility of chlorophenol in water is higher than the solubility of Nitrophenol.

Available Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Natural Fibers

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-136
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Natural fibers are so attracting in comparison to synthetic fibers since they exhibit good properties like the low cost, good specific mechanical properties and their requirements of low energy during production. However, natural fibers hold some drawbacks which must be consider in comparison to the synthetic fibers like their high moisture absorption, low mechanical properties, heat resistance and durability and the variation in their prices and quality. In order to choose the suitable natural fiber for the selected application, their mechanical and chemical properties can be helpful for taking the right decision. In this chapter, a wide research is done in order to provide as much as possible the available mechanical and chemical properties of natural fibers of bast, leaf, seed, stalk, and wood categories from the most trusted publications. The specific mechanical properties of natural fibers are then calculated for a better comparison at the level of composites.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF MINERAL RAW MATERIAL FIELDS FOR GLAUCONITE SORPTION MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
D Xadjibaev ◽  
◽  
F Erkabaev
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Natural minerals, such as bentonite, kaolinite, biotite, vermiculite, and glauconite, which have sufficiently high performance properties in the softening of industrial and waste water, softening and cleaning of heavy metals, are promising. To study the physical and chemical properties of glauconites from various deposits of the country, samples of glauconite mineral were brought from the Parkent, Bukhara, and Karakalpak mountain reserves, their physical and chemical properties were studied, compared with each other, and the optimal reserve was selected. The reserves of these deposits are sufficient and have the potential for industrial development. The purpose of this study is to compare samples of natural mineral reserves of glauconite and select the optimal deposit for raw materials. Methodology. Samples of glauconite minerals from the Parkent, Bukhara and Karakalpak mines were taken as the object of the study. Chemical, mineralogical, and thermal analyses were performed on the samples, and the fractional composition was determined. Scientific novelty. The main part of the mineral glauconite (50-55%) in the raw material is found in fractions of 0.08-0.125 mm. The most suitable raw material was the Parkent glauconite deposit, which has a relatively high content of potassium, which tends to exchange with other metals during the sorption process. The received data. Based on the conducted experiments, samples of glauconites from Parkent, Bukhara, and Karakalpak were subjected to chemical and mineralogical analyses. The maximum amount of the mineral glauconite was found in the fractions of the raw material (less than 0.125 mm). The most suitable deposit of raw materials for processing the mineral glauconite was selected and an environmentally friendly adsorbent was obtained.

Nanoparticulate Functional Materials: Green Synthesis and Application for the Degradation of Phenolic Compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1608-1611
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Zinc Acetate Precursor ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Zinc oxide nanoparticles was synthesized by microwave decomposition of zinc acetate precursor. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized on nano-ZnO. The catalytic activity, physical, and chemical properties of immobilized HRP as well as the interaction between HRP and nano-ZnO was studied. The Nano-ZnO immobilized HRP showed a better property in the thermostability, active pH stability. The Nano-ZnO is more effective than free HRP in the removal of many phenolic compounds. The results show that nano-ZnO is strong functional materials for envrionment protection.

scholarly journals ALGAE AS BIOINDICATORFOR POLLUTION OF TIGRIS RIVER BY INDUSTRIAL WASTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Zahraa Zahraw ◽  
Abdul-Hameed Al-Obaidy ◽  
Eman Shakir ◽  
Shaymaa Hamdy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Very High ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study has been conducted during 2016, the samples were collected from discharge of General Company for Vegetable Oil Industry before and after treatment in Baghdad city. Some parameters were measured such as: Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity, Dissolve Oxygen and Phosphate, all reading before treatment are very high but the readings degreased rapidly after treatment. In contrast, oxygen concentration before treatment was low and elevated after treatment so much until reaches to the optimal condition for all biological and chemical properties. In this study 37 species of algal were recorded. The dominant group by the large number of species was Bacillarariophyce (24 species) followed by Cyanophycea (6species), Chlorophayce (5 species), Euglenophyceae (1species). This study shows that species recorded in the this studyeventually will stilted in Tigris river as a result of the discharge processing of this facility, therefore, some species can be found in Tigris river basin come from General Company for Vegetable Oil Industry.

scholarly journals Elaboración de bloques de construcción a partir de residuos de arena sílica proveniente del proceso de fundición aluminio en una empresa automotriz

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Guillermina Gómez-Beltrán ◽  
Diana Vanessa Sierra-Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Aluminum Smelting ◽  
Design Resistance ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The objective of the project was to develop a procedure for the construction of building blocks with silica sand residues, from an aluminum smelting process of an automotive spinning company. The blocks obtained were evaluated in accordance with NMX-C-404-1997-ONNCCE standards for the design and formulations of the block, and NMX-C-036-ONNCCE for tests and compression calculations. Initially these arenas are used for the elaboration of the molds of the mechanical parts that are manufactured in the company, however, once the utility of these arenas for molding is fulfilled, they are sent to final disposal sites. For the elaboration of the blocks, the physical characteristics and chemical properties of the silica sand were initially determined (grain size, pH, structure, grain shape, humidity, specific gravity, bulk and bulk density). The mold was then designed and two formulations based on the residues of silica sand, cement, water and lime were tested. The product quality assessment included tests for drying, moisture absorption, design resistance to compression. Finally, the manufacturing costs were compared with the costs of existing commercial blocks in the market.

Film Properties of High-Performance FSG Films

2001 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoda ◽  
H. Miyajima ◽  
K. Fujita ◽  
R. Nakata ◽  
Y. Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
K Value ◽  
Wide Margin ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractAn advanced FSG film of k=3.4 was developed, which exhibited excellent resistance for moisture absorption. Physical and chemical properties of this advanced FSG film were compared by typical FSG films deposited in both high density plasma (HDP) and PE-CVD reactors, for the same k value.The advanced FSG film appears to be superior to the HDP-FSG film by a wide margin in the following tests. The moisture absorption rate by TDS (after 4 days of air exposure) is about 5 times lower, the hardness was 1.8 times more, and the hygroscopicity (after 1 hr. boiling) was 2.6 times lower.We conclude that these differences are mainly due to the unique film structure of the advanced FSG film.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

The microstructure of a TiB2/Ti-47 Al composite material

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
O. Popoola ◽  
A.H. Heuer ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diamond Polishing ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Argon Ion ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The addition of fibres or particles (TiB2, SiC etc.) into TiAl intermetallic alloys could increase their toughness without compromising their good high temperature mechanical and chemical properties. This paper briefly discribes the microstructure developed by a TiAl/TiB2 composite material fabricated with the XD™ process and forged at 960°C.The specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared in the usual way (i.e. diamond polishing and argon ion beam thinning) and examined on a JEOL 4000EX for microstucture and on a Philips 400T equipped with a SiLi detector for microanalyses.The matrix was predominantly γ (TiAl with L10 structure) and α2(TisAl with DO 19 structure) phases with various morphologies shown in figure 1.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

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