Pourrait-on convaincre Platon du bien-fondé de la philosophie pour enfants?

Could Plato be Convinced by the Merits of Philosophy for Children? The exclusion of childhood from the realm of philosophy traditionally dates back to the work of Plato. In his dialogues Gorgias and Republic, the founder of the Western philosophical tradition argues against a childish practice of philosophy: the search for truth is too serious and complex an undertaking for young people. This has led to a persistent presupposition that still hinders the implementation of the practice of philosophy with children. Our objective with this paper is to show that there is in fact a continuity between P4C and philosophy according to Plato. We present another reading of these Platonic reasons to show that they leave an opening for a playful and democratic approach to philosophy. Keywords: Plato, P4C, childhood, philosophy, play, care, Republic, Gorgias.

Die schwarzen Hefte: ihre Rezeption, ihr Einfluss auf die Wirkungsgeschichte des Denkens Martin Heideggers und ihre Sachgemäße Auslegungsweise

A few months before their publication in 2014, the first Martin Heidegger’s Black Notebooks already introduced a new phase of the debate about Heidegger’s supposed National Socialism and Antisemitism, since they contain questionable references to Jewish people. As of yet, most of the interpretations come down to five theses. Whilst several interpreters assert that the whole Heideggeran thought is anti-Semitic, others refer this ‘‘accusation’’ to a brief period in Heidegger’s life or rather attribute to this thinker an anti-Judaism inherited from the Christian tradition. Some scholars classify Heidegger’s sentences as a general critique of civilisation, whereas others pretend that the Heideggerian philosophical thought was untouched by whichever issues related to politics and race. Ascertaining the flaws in the approach of many interpreters of Heidegger’s Black Notebooks, the necessity of reading them by means of the hermeneutical method in order to reach an appropriate contextualisation is to be stressed. Only in this way can the various themes of the Notebooks be unveiled, as well as the limits and the magnitude of the Heideggerian thought. Keywords: Interpretation, relationship between Philosophy and Politics, critique of modernity, Judaism, question of Being

The Phenomenology of Elegance: an Outline

Elegance ranks low on the list of debated topics in philosophy, mainly because of the fleeting and mundane character of phenomena that it relies on for its existence. However, the rise of kinaesthesia as an important topic in today’s philosophical and phenomenological environment facilitates the inclusion of elegance in the canon of philosophical debates. This article reviews two important positions regarding elegance, that of Renaissance philosopher Baldassare Castiglione and of 20th Century realist phenomenologist Dietrich von Hildebrand. First, we underline three aspects of Castiglione’s concept of sprezzatura and showcase the significance and purpose of practicing elegance. This step is succeeded by a close look at von Hildebrand’s attachment to a realist phenomenological frame for understanding why he denies elegance the status of an ideal value. Last, we look at the connection between elegance and three ideas from a hybrid phenomenology from Husserl and Sheets-Johnstone. These connections form the basis for filling the significant gap between Castiglione’s Renaissance take on elegance and von Hildebrand’s realist perspective with a new phenomenological project regarding elegance. Keywords: Castiglione, von Hildebrand, Sheets-Johnstone, intentionality, kinaesthesia, axiology

Affordance Based Framework of Human Problem Solving: a Nonrepresentational Alternative

Problem solving is a crucial higher-order thinking ability of humans. Humans' ability to solve problems is a critical higher-order thinking ability. Mathematical problem solving, analogical problem solving, complex problem solving, situated problem solving, and so on are all examples of problem solving. Furthermore, distinct types of research analysis, models, and theories are based on the mechanisms and elements involved in diverse problem-solving types. The conventional approach to understanding human problem solving is a representation-laden description, which is similar to most cognitive explanations of psychological processes. On the other hand, the paper goes beyond representational theories and models to investigate nonrepresentational and situated aspects of human problem solving. Problem solving is a crucial higher-order thinking ability of humans. The paper is a rudimentary attempt to present a nonrepresentational, Affordance-Situation-Attunement (ASA) framework of human problem solving. The aim is to invoke ASA as an alternative framework, in contrast with the dominant representational explanation of human problem solving. The aim is not to disparage the representational theories and models of problem solving but to contribute a nonrepresentational working framework and elements for highlighting the situated nature of human problem solving. Keywords: Problem solving, affordances, embodied cognition, situated cognition, ecological psychology

Que peut faire l’abduction dans le dialogue philosophique?

What Abduction can do in Philosophical Dialogue? According to Peirce, abduction is a hypothetic-forming process that is necessary to explore unknown areas of knowledge, but also a real scientific method associated with the enquiry. If there is philosophical enquiry, could abduction serve as an appropriate method for such an approach? If so, how can it be used and with a view to what result(s)? We ask whether abduction can bring a potential both for discovery and a logical requirement to the philosophical questioning. In this paper we focus on a philosophy that "is done", in the form of a common enquiry, the "community of philosophical inquiry". The present research explores the advantages and limitations of requiring such a method, in the context of the practice under study. Keywords: abduction, method, philosophical inquiry, inference, unknown

La philosophie en dialogue

Philosophy in Dialogue. Today one of the modalities of the pedagogical practice in college and high school is the use of Discussions with Philosophical Aim. In the following we would simply like to specify what kind of philosophy can be practiced in such contexts and what it can bring to pupils and high school students in terms of methods and content. Keywords: Philosophy, Dialogue, Discussion, Critical thinking, Knowledge, Ethics.

La saisie emotive du kairos avec des enfants : entre acte philosophique et geste didactique

Emotional Grasping of the Kairos in Children Talk: between Philosophical Act and Didactical Gesture. An essential gesture of animating a philosophical dialogue with children consists in grasping within their talk, an opportune word or turn of phrase, the kairos, and bouncing off it to advance reasoning. Based on the analysis of expert practices, we propose a typology of the emotional grasp of Kairos that reflects the tension between investigative and educational aims in these exchanges. Beyond the effect of surprise, regulation makes it possible to welcome and share one's emotions and to make them evolve into wonder, astonishment or doubt. Such trajectories are decisive for the future of the new idea. But other reactions are frequent, offering other opportunities for the current activity and children training in the long term. Keywords: educational dialogue, emotional regulation, kairos, opportunity, philosophical inquiry.

Le développement de la pensée critique des élèves : dans quelle mesure la pratique du dialogue philosophique se suffit-elle à elle-même ?

The Development of Critical Thinking in Students: to What Extent the Practice of Philosophical Dialogue is Sufficient to Itself? Among the reasons that are advanced by the advocates of philosophy for children and teenagers to include it in the school curriculum, the development of critical thinking occupies a prominent place. However, it is rarely discussed if the critical thinking skills that are developed in the philosophy classes are used in other contexts. It is this question this text wants to tackle. Firstly, we will clarify what we mean by critical thinking by presenting the main theories of this concept. We will then examine some of the results obtained in research, particularly the one of Daniel, aiming at study its development by the practice of philosophical dialogue. Finally, we will raise some issues around how a “general” form of critical thinking can be developed in this context by presenting some of the data we have collected in our research. We conclude by underlying few elements that should be taken into consideration to develop critical thinking in youth through philosophical dialogue. Keywords: Critical thinking, philosophical dialogue, qualitative methodology, philosophy for children, philosophy for teenagers

Integrated Management Cybernetics as a Foundation for Organizational Resilience

The 4th Industrial Revolution introduced a highly automated and connected business environment. Nevertheless, many organizations are reeling in the wake of the speed and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact, catching many unawares, and placing their sustainability in question. Given the connectedness promulgated by the 4th Industrial Revolution, one might expect organizational resilience to be a given - only time will tell whether this was the case. This article considers the concept of cybernetics as contributing to systems-thinking, which may enable resilience strategies to come to fruition. Cybernetics is a goal-driven approach in which constant feedback is analyzed and applied in correcting the current course. We reflect on the roots and principles of the cybernetic concept, developing it into a management cybernetics concept. We take a non-technological approach in acknowledging organizations as systems. Management theories such as stakeholder and stewardship theories are systems components that can play a crucial role in effectively communicating management information within the cybernetic loop. We conclude that an integrative and cooperative relationship with legitimate stakeholders can play an essential role in an organization's preparedness. Key terms: Business performance; management cybernetics; organizational sustainability; organizational resilience, turbulent events

Imaginative Communication and Community: the Phenomenological-enactive Approach to the Co-constitution of Public Phenomena

An ever-evolving phenomenological-enactive perspective can expand our reflection on the entanglement between enactive subjects and their living ecologies. This article applies certain classical phenomenological projects and their enactive extension to public phenomena (objects, spaces, events, etc.). As an instance of the embodied cognition discourse, this research also aims to thematize the enactive, affective, and intersubjective aspects of the relation to the (urban) Lebenswelt. This may help in understanding both the potential of the phenomenological-enactive methodology and the processes of an embodied intersubjective co-constitution of a public ethos. Theoretical ideas presented in the article are illustrated with reflections on some concrete public phenomena. Keywords: Phenomenology, Enactivism, Communication, Embodied Cognition, Perceptual Phantasy, Intersubjectivity, Public Phenomena