The Corrosion Resistance of Hard Anodised EN AW 7075 T6 Alloy

In this paper, commercially cold-rolled and artificial aged EN AW 7075 T6 alloy has been used. To ensure increased corrosion resistance, surface hardness, scratching resistance, and aesthetic features, this aluminium alloy was subsequently hard anodised and hot-water sealed (AC-A). The hard anodizing and sealing process increased surface hardness up to 304±13 HV 1 from an initial surface hardness of 194±3 HV 1. Also, the microhardness of the anodised layer and bulk material has been documented. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for microstructure and trapped precipitates investigation in the 42.9±1.4 thick formed anodised layer investigation. The T6 treated (AC) and hard anodised together with sealed (AC-A) EN AW 7075 alloy corrosion properties were evaluated using the anodic potentiodynamic polarisation tests (PPT) in a neutral 2.5% NaCl deaerated solution. The corrosion rate CR (mm/y) decreased approx. 39-times for the hard anodised and sealed EN AW 7075 alloy (AC-A), associated with the shift of the Ecorr (mV) to more positive values, degreased Icorr (µA) and increased Rp (Ohm) values compared to the artificial aged (AC) alloy. Additionally, the pitting was evaluated using laser confocal microscopy, and the pitting coefficient was also calculated.

Hinged and Wide: A New P^P Ligand for Emissive [Cu(P^P)(N^N)][PF6] Complexes

Heteroleptic [Cu(BIPHEP)(N^N)][PF6] complexes (BIPHEP = 1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diylbis(diphenylphosphane)), in which N^N is 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), 6-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine (6-Mebpy), 6-ethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (6-Etbpy), or 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine (5,5′-Me2bpy), have been synthesized and characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopies and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The single crystal structures of [Cu(BIPHEP)(bpy)][PF6]∙CH2Cl2, [Cu(BIPHEP)(5,5′-Me2bpy)][PF6]∙CH2Cl2, [Cu(BIPHEP)(6-Mebpy)][PF6]∙Et2O∙0.5H2O and [Cu(BIPHEP)(6-Etbpy)][PF6] confirm distorted tetrahedral {Cu(P^P)(N^N)} coordination environments. Each compound shows a quasi-reversible Cu+/Cu2+ process. In deaerated solution, the compounds are weak emitters. Powdered samples are yellow emitters (λemmax in the range 558–583 nm) and [Cu(BIPHEP)(5,5′-Me2bpy)][PF6] exhibits the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY = 14%). On cooling to 77 K (frozen 2-methyloxolane), the emission maxima are red-shifted and the excited state lifetimes increase from τ1/2 < 8 μs, to τ1/2 values of up to 53 μs, consistent with the compounds with N^N = 6-Mebpy, 6-Etbpy and 5,5′-Me2bpy exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).

Effect of powder granulation on hydrogen transport rate and hydrogen solubility in LaNi5-paraffin composite material

On the basis of potentiostatic discharge method, the diffusion rate of atomic hydrogen as well as its solubility in LaNi5 crystal lattice have been evaluated for three LaNi5 powder - paraffin composite electrodes, with different LaNi5 powder particle diameters: 0 - 20 μm, 20 - 50 μm and 50 - 100 μm. The chronoamperommetric tests have been carried out in strong alkaline (6 M KOH), deaerated solution, at 25°C. Apparent hydrogen diffusion coefficients have been determined using Crank’s spherical diffusion model. It has been shown, that increase of particle size is prone to increase of hydrogen apparent diffusion coefficient and to decrease of hydrogen concentration in the solid phase. To explain the granulation effect on hydrogenation ability parameters, the inhibition of hydrogen transport by surfacial corrosion products present on powder particles has been assumed.

A Passive Film Formed on Alloy 600 in High Temperature Aqueous Solution

Alloy 600(74wt% Ni, 15wt% Cr, 9wt% Fe) is used as a material for steam generator tubing in pressurized water reactors(PWR) due to its high corrosion resistance under a PWR environment whose primary side and secondary side are operated under 340oC, 150bar and 290oC, 50bar, respectively. However, in spite of its outstanding corrosion resistance, a stress corrosion cracking(SCC) which has been one of the most important degradation issues, has occurred occasionally owing to the severe high temperature and pressure condition of a PWR. It is expected that a SCC is deeply related to an electrochemical property of a passive film formed under a high temperature and pressure condition. Therefore an understanding of the basic electrochemical behaviors regarding an anodic dissolution and a passivation of the bare surface of metals and alloys provides important information about a SCC mechanism and control. In the present work, the passive oxide films on Alloy 600 were investigated as a function of the dissolved oxygen content and the pH by using a potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and a depth profiling by Auger electron spectroscopy(AES). For this purpose, 0.5M H3BO3, 0.5M Na2SO4 and 0.1M NaOH aqueous solutions with/without dissolved oxygen at 300oC were used as the test solutions. The resistance of an oxide formed in an aerated solution was smaller than that in a deaerated solution while the oxide film in the aerated solution was thicker than the oxide film in the deaerated solution.

Microstructure, Growth Kinetics, and Corrosion Resistance of Hot-Dip Galvanized Zn-5% Al Coatings

Several characteristics of Zn-5% A1 coatings—namely microstructure, growth kinetics, and electrochemical behavior—have been studied. A ZnCl2-based flux for the production of Zn-5% Al coatings by a dry hot-dip galvanizing process, developed in this work, produced coatings with good adhesion and without bare spots. The coating thickness is practically independent of the immersion time (between 1 and 600 seconds). The formation of an intermetallic compound on the surface of the steel during the first moments of contact with the molten bath is responsible for this behavior. Electrochemical tests in a 0.1 M NaCl deaerated solution have shown that the corrosion potential is ca. 400 mV anodic in relation to the corrosion potential of the steel and that preferential dissolution of zinc occurs during anodic polarization, resulting in a surface enrichment of aluminum.

Stabilization of Ascorbic Acid and Its Measurement by Liquid Chromatography in Nonfat Dry Milk

The determination of ascorbic acid by liquid chromatography (LC) was improved by performing the analysis in the presence of solvents that had been purged with argon to reduce the concentration of oxygen. This methodological modification eliminated the oxidation of ascorbic acid during the chromatographic procedure and reduced the minimum detection level to 1 μg. Solutions of ascorbic acid have been successfully stabilized for 67 days by addition of dithiothreitol to a deaerated solution of water-acetonitrile (25 + 75 v/v), sealed under argon in amber vials and stored at -20°C. In a second independent study, a procedure for the extraction of ascorbic acid from nonfat dry milk in a single step was developed. The ascorbic acid content of Nonfat Dry Milk (SRM 1549) was determined by LC, using the method of standard additions. The mean ascorbic acid content was 54 ± 5 μg/g of sample. Analysis of variance of the analytical results indicates that there is a significant continual increase in the content of the ascorbic acid in each bottle from first to last sample

Photolysis of Di-t-butylnitroxide

Di-t-butylnitroxide (1) on photolysis in methylcyclohexane gives in addition to t-butoxy(di-t-buty1)-amine (7) and photolabile 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (2) a low yield of a white crystalline solid identified as a mixture of di-t-butylhydroxylammonium nitrate (13) and nitrite (14). Photolysis proceeds from the excited state produced by a π-π* transition, and in aerated solution is first order both with respect to nitroxide and light intensity. More complex kinetics are observed in deaerated solution.