Profile of Parent-Child Well-Being in Immigrant Families

Earlier caregiving research focused on psychological well-being of either caregivers or care recipients, while less is known about the caregiving pattern with optimal outcome for both caregivers and care recipients. Data were from the PINE and PIETY studies, with 804 parent-child dyads. Depressive symptoms were measured by PHQ-9 with a cutoff of 5 distinguishing happy or depressed. Parent-child dyads were divided into four groups: happy-parent-happy-child (HPHC, n=572, 71.1%), depressed-parent-happy-child (DPHC, n=139, 17.3%), happy-parent-depressed-child (HPDC, n=65, 8.1%), and depressed-parent-depressed-child (DPDC, n=28, 3.5%). Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare the sociodemographic differences among the groups. Compared to the HPHC group, the DPHC group had older parents, more mother-child dyads and lower-income children, the HPDC group had more female children. However, there was no significant difference between the HPHC and the DPDC group. Future research could explore the predictors of parent-child well-being to inform intervention strategies.

Validation of an HIV/AIDS Stigma Measure for Children Living with HIV and Their Families

Background: There are few validated tools to measure stigma, particularly among children living with HIV and their families. Methods: This study was nested within a larger study that followed 240 child–caregiver dyads (children aged 10-15 years) at 8 clinics in western Kenya. The stigma instrument was administered to all child–caregiver dyads at 2 time points 6 months apart. The primary end point was to construct validity assessed by comparison to criterion constructs using generalized estimating equation models. Results: Mean age of child participants was 12.3 years and 52% were female. Generally, caregivers reported experiencing higher levels of HIV stigma compared to their children. Children (9%) and caregivers (14%) reported that HIV stigma made them feel stressed, anxious, and depressed. Child and caregiver stigma items showed high construct validity by emotional and behavioral outcomes. Conclusions: The stigma instrument showed high validity when compared to emotional and behavioral outcomes.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KARAKTER REMAJA YANG DIASUH OLEH IBU YANG BEKERJA DI RUMAH DENGAN IBU YANG BEKERJA DI LUAR RUMAH DI KOTA PALOPO

The family is the first and primary environment for the development of a child. In the family of a child undergoing a process of socialization for the first time, which in the process of a child is introduced and taught various grades of life are very useful and crucial for a child's development in the future. The formation of adolescent characters in villages Songka depending on the parents' parenting. Teenage characters are formed by mothers who work at home, children are more disciplined while teenage characters by mothers who work outside the home less disciplined but independent, creative, take initiative.2) Advantages and disadvantages of teenage characters are cared for by mothers who work at home tend to be disciplined. Moderate weakness is depressed child, lack of confidence, and sometimes become unmanageable. Medium teenagers are cared for bymothers work outside the home is the child to be independent, to have good relationships with friends, while the children are not familiar shortcomings pressured by their parents to do something, generally grow as someone who is quite satisfied and high ambitions, Solutions to overcome deficiencies in parenting teenage characters who work at home mothers and mothers who work outside the home in the Village Songka. Mothers who work at home, should spend more time and communicate about everything with his teenage children to feel cared for and loved. While the mothers work outside the home should take advantage of a limited time with his teenage children to do activities together that can instill discipline and responsibility. Keywords: Parents, Character, Youth.