Prospects of the Use of Synthetic Biostimulants for the Development of Aquaculture of Whitefishes in Lake Baikal

A number of biologically active compounds, protatrans with the general formula ArХCH2CO2– · НN+(CH2СН2ОН)3 (А), in which Ar = aryl; Х = O, S, SO, SO2, Se were synthesized. It is the first time that the use of protatrans (А) was suggested, namely of the protatrans 2-Me-С6Н4OCH2CO2– · НN+(CH2СН2ОН)3 (1) and 4-Cl-С6Н4SO2CH2CO2– ·НN+(CH2СН2ОН)3 (2), as stimulants of growth and development of underyearlings of freshwater whitefish hybrid forms. It was concluded that adding microquantities of protatrans 1 and 2 (0,001 %) to the fish feed for the hybrid of lake whitefish and Siberian whitefish increases its viability by 6 %, growth by 10 % and weight by 14 %. Available synthetic biostimulants 1 and 2 can be used for artificial reproduction of freshwater cold-water fish (whitefish, salmon).

CURRENT STATE OF ICHTHYOFAUNA OF LAKE BOLSHOE TOKO

Aim. The aim of the research is to identify and characterize the current composition and state of the fish fauna of the Lake Bolshoe Toko. Methods. Age determination was conducted based on the annual rings on the scales, taken under the back fin above the lateral line; coefficient of fatness was determined on a six-point scale by Fulton and Clark, respectively. The rest of the material was also processed according to the generally accepted methods in ichthyology. Results. As a result of the research, for the first time was obtained updated data on age, height, sex ratio, spatial distribution of fish species in the lake, relative dominant species in this lake; some data on nutrition and helminth infection is also given in this article. Conclusions. Lake Bolshoe Toko is represented by fish of three faunal complexes, of which two species of fish are not typical representatives of the lake ichthyofauna; stuntedness and a high level of infection of the Siberian whitefish by helminthes is due to a high probability of overpopulation in the lake. Small and valuable breeds of fish that live in the lake need protection throughout the basin adjacent to the lake reservoirs.

The reasons of genetic heterogeneity of Siberian whitefish Coregonus lavaretus pidschian in the Anabar river

Background. A population genetic study of Siberian whitefish or pidschian Coregonus lavaretus pidschian Gmelin of the Anabar River (North-West Yakutia) has been done to study genetic structure of the species within a river system and for revealing its phylogeographic relations. Materials and Methods. Five samples of pidschian from different parts of the river were analyzed for 30 isozyme loci. Results and Discussion. The results has demonstrated a significant genetic heterogeneity of the species sampled from lower and middle reaches of the river (0.001 < DN< 0.056). The most likely reason for genetic differentiation of the species within the river system is a colonization of the watershed by independent phylogenetic lineages of whitefish. At present the phylogenetic lineages in Anabar River are presented by sympatric ecological forms of the species – eastern-siberian whitefish and glacial-plains whitefish – which maintain their reproductive isolation. The relationships of ecological forms of whitefish dwelling the Anabar River with other populations of the species in Siberia, and possible ways of penetration of discrete phylogenetic lineages of pidschian in the basin of studied river are discussed. Conclusions. A genetic heterogeneity of whitefish from Anabar River should be taken into account while creating adequate intraspecific taxonomy and considered in conducting fisheries and environmental measures.

STATUS OF SIBERIAN WHITEFISH COREGONUS LAVARETUS PIDSCHIAN (GMELIN, 1788) IN THE SYSTEM THE TANJU RIVER - LAKE VARCHATO (THE VOIKAR RIVER BASIN)

The Voikar river is a spawning tributary of the lower Ob. Spawning grounds of Siberian whitefish are located both on the river Voikar and on the river Tanju (a tributary of the Voikar), which flows into lake Varchato. The Varchatovis canal flows out of lake Varchato and merges with the river Voikar. Studies have shown that in the system the Tanju river - lake Varchato live Siberian whitefish different from those of other Ural spawning tributaries of the Ob river and of the Ob itself by their age structure, presence of only re-maturing species with a high rate of growth and fecundity. It was found that after breeding on the spawning ground in the Tanju river some individuals of Siberian whitefish do not flow to the Ob river, but remain in system the Tanju river - Varchato lake. In two or three years it matures and goes back to spawn in the Tanju river, merging with the spawning stock which goes up the Ob river. There are no individuals that are constantly living in lake Varchato, as all juveniles, when still being larvae, flow down to the Ob river. That gives grounds for including Siberian whitefish of Varchato lake into the Ob population of semi-passing Siberian whitefish. The presence of re-maturing species in the system of the Tanju river - lake Varchato creates reproductive reserve of breeders that increase heterogeneity and population size. However, in the last decade as a result of total poaching of Siberian whitefish in lake Varchato during feeding and wintering its numbers declined sharply.

Ecological-faunistical review of fish parasites from the lake Sobach’e (putorana Plateau)

Objective of research: The purpose of our research was to study parasite fauna of salmonoid fishes from the lake Sobach’e (Putorana plateau) and to report its ecological and faunistic characteristics. Material and methods: 88 specimens of salmonoid fishes (herring, siberian whitefish, round whitefish, arctic grayling and dominant species of char) were collected from the lake Sobach’e in July — August 2014. Collecting, fixation and cameral treatment were carried out using the standard method of Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya. Statistical treatment of the data was conducted using the Quantitative Parasitology 3.0 software. Results and discussion: Data on parasite infestation of salmonoid fishes from the lake Sobach’e is provided. 29 parasite species (Myxosporea — 3, Monogenea — 2, Cestoda — 7, Trematoda — 7, Nematoda — 3, Acanthocephala — 4, Hirudinea — 1, Crustacea — 2) were found. Analysis of parasite distribution in their fish hosts was described. The lake has been classified as oligotrophic with the features of subfamilies Orthocladiinae and Pontoporane according to the concept of the parasitological typing of lakes presented by Rumyantsev E.A.