The Attractant Bioactivity Test of Semi-Polar Fraction of the Datuan Stem Bark (Ficus vasculosa Wall. Ex Miq) against Warehouse Pest (Sitophilus oryzae L.)

Bioactive isolation was performed on the stem bark of Datuan (Ficus vasculosa Wall. Ex Miq), and extraction was carried out via the maceration method using acetone as a solvent. Furthermore, an attractant bioactivity test was conducted on acetone extract, A-G fraction, and composition of the isolates. The separation and purification via column chromatography produced a D8.3.5.7 fraction in the form of needle crystal of about 50 mg, at a melting point of 136°C–138.7°C. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed a single spot at an Rf value of 0.57 (n-hexane eluent: ethyl acetate 7:3), 0.36 (DCM eluent), and 0.24 (CHCl3 eluent). The isolated compounds were identified using infrared and UV–Vis spectrophotometry, as well as mass spectrometry. The characterization of the infrared spectrum of the isolated compound showed a strong OH goo band at 3461 cm-1 region and the absorption band at 2936.25 cm-1 exhibited a stretch of CH alkanes. These two bands are supported by the vibration at 1378.47 and 1462.55 cm-1 for CH absorption of methyl and methylene. The absorption band in the 1622 cm-1 region showed a stretch of conjugated C=C double bond, which is supported by absorption at 918.96 and 966.22 cm-1 as C–H alkene. The UV–Vis spectrophotometry showed absorption at λmax 263.97 nm A = 0.483, which was the result of electronic transition π → π*, and at λ 331.0 nm A = 0.274, which was an electronic result of n → π*. Meanwhile, identification via mass spectrometry that produces isolate has a molecular weight of 414.1 m/e with the formula C29H50O. Therefore, the bioactivity test results on compound D8.3.5.7 had an attractant activity of 71.67% against warehouse pests (Sitophilus oryzae L.) and an interest index of 0.63.

Pharmacognostic Study of Sangkareho Root (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) from Pelaihari, South Kalimantan

Sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) is used traditionally by one of Kalimantan's indigenous tribes, the Dayak Tunjung tribe as a medicine for colds and inflammation, where the plant parts used are the roots. Considering its very potential prospects, research aimed at providing a scientific basis for plant pharmacognostic data needs to be carried out with qualitative methods. The qualitative examination is done by several methods including test identification of organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical compounds. Organoleptic test results showed that the roots have a light brown color, bitter and slightly spicy, and a rather pungent odor. Microscopic test results showed sangkareho root has a length of � 90 cm; width of � 1 cm; and for the form of a spear with a ride root system. Microscopic observations are found in the form of epidermal cells, exodermis, cortex, endodermis, bearing files, calcium oxalate crystals, and stone cells. The identification of chemical compounds showed positive results against alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids. The thin-layer chromatography profile shows four separate stains with eluent ethyl acetate : methanol : water in a ratio of 8 : 2 : 1, respectively.

IDENTIFIKASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TANAMAN PETAI CINA (LEUCAENA LEUCOCHEPALA [LAMK.] DE.WIT

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai karakterisasi metabolit sekunder ekstrak etanol daun tanaman petai cina, Leucaena leucochepala [Lamk.] de.wit,. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metabolit sekunder dari daun tanaman ini. Manfaat dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah dapat memberikan informasi mengenai metabolit sekunder dari tanaman petai cina, Leucaena leucochepala [Lamk.] de.wit. Pengidentifikasian ini dilakukan dengan empat tahap yakni, uji fitokimia tanaman, ekstraksi dengan cara maserasi, memekatkan ekstrak kemudian melakukan mengidentifikasinya. Kandungan senyawa kimia aktif dalam daun petai cina adalah alkaloid, saponin, tanin dan flavonoid. Berdasarkan hasil uji plat KLT dengan eluen etil asetat : ethanol (8:2) dihasilkan Rf 0,62 yang diperkirakan merupakan flavonoid. Kata kunci: karakterisasi, refluks, petai cina, Leucaena leucochepala [Lamk.] de.wit ABSTRACT Research has been conducted on the characterization of secondary metabolites of ethanol extract of petai cina (Leucaena leucochepala [Lamk.] de.Wit) leaves. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolites of the leave and provide the information about secondary metabolites from petai cina (Leucaena leucochepala [Lamk.] de.wit) leaves. Identification was carried out with three stages are phytochemical, extraction by maceration with 70% ethanol and identifying it. The active compounds of petai cina from ethanol extract are alkaloid, saponin, tanin and flavonoid. the results of the TLC plate with eluent ethyl acetate: ethanol (8: 2) produced Rf 0.62 which is estimated to be a flavonoid. Kata kunci: caracterization, refluks, petai cina, Leucaena leucochepala [Lamk.] de.wit

PROFILE OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS FROM METHANOL EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA LATISSIMA MIQ. FRUIT RIND

Objectives: A previous study showed that methanol extracts of Garcinia latissima Miq. demonstrated antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to obtain active antibacterial fractions from methanol extracts of G. latissima Miq.Methods: Fractionation of extracts was performed on G60 silica gel column chromatography using n-hexane eluent, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Antibacterial tests were done using the paper disc method to determine the zone of inhibition, the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and a bioautographic test.Results: Fractions A-E, and F had zones of inhibition against B. subtilis. Fractions A-E had zones of inhibition against S. aureus. Fractions C-E had zones of inhibition against P. aeruginosa. The bio-autograph test showed zones of inhibition on several bio-autographic spots, indicating that active compounds were obtained from the fractionation of methanol extract from G. latissima Miq. fruit rind. Fraction D’s MIC against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa was 312.5 ppm. The MIC of Fraction C against B. subtilis and of Fraction R against P. aeruginosa also was 312.5 ppm.Conclusion: Fraction D was the most active fraction against the three test bacteria.