TEMPLE SCULPTURES OF MANNA MAGUS AND THEIR PICTURING IN TABRIZ CARPETS OF XIX CENTURY

одной из личных коллекций в Горисе (Южный Азербайджан) хранится уникальный ковер. Этот ковер известен под названием «Семь планет». (Этот факт опубликован в книге Р.Тагиевой «Ковровые персонажи Низами», рисунок 40). Ковер был соткан в 1880 г. и по характеру изображенных на нем фигур автором был ковровщик-любитель. Уникальность этого ковра объясняется его содержательной составляющей. Следует также отметить, что в специальной литературе такие образцы не упоминаются. В центре ковра расположен прямоугольный медальон, а его кайма не очень широкая, состоит из трех полос. В этом медальоне теплый светло-коричневый цвет переходит в темно-коричневый. В медальоне размещены изображения семи планет. Эти планеты являются символами небесных звезд. В центре медальона изображено Солнце. Арабские надписи с названиями планет связаны с разными антропоморфными фигурами. Эти надписи расположены рядом на фоне четырех лопастных медальонов желтого цвета, обведенных желтой контурной линией. Все остальные фигуры расположены вокруг Солнца. Две из них расположены в верхней части, две – в нижней части медальона, а остальные четыре звезды находятся справа и слева от Солнца. Итак, размещение фигур – символов планет – повторяет схему размещения планет на небе. Исходя из этого, можно с уверенностью сказать, что древний обитатель Азербайджана изучал небо и имел собственные, возможно, примитивные представления о планетах. Сам Зороастр считался зороастрийским пророком и был ученым-астрологом, знал звезды и небо. По этой причине у древних греков имя Зороастр ассоциировалось с понятием «астрон» – звезда. Так, в древних источниках Зороастр описывается как мудрый астролог, основанное им учение называется зороастризмом. In one of personal collections in Goris (Southern Azerbaijan) a unique carpet is kept. That carpet is known by the name «Seven planets». (The fact is recorded by R.Tagiyeva in her book «Carpet characters of Nizami», picture 40). The carpet was woven in 1880 and judging by the character of figures, pictured on it, its author was amateur carpet-maker. Uniqueness of that carpet is explained by its content aspect. It should be also pointed, that in special literature such samples arenot mentioned. In the centre of carpet a rectangular medallion is placed, and its border isnot very wide, it consists of three stripes. In that medallion a warm, light-brown color transforms into dark-brown one (here ABRASH is seen). In the medallion pictures of seven planets are placed. These planets are symbols of heavenly stars. In the centre of medallion the Sun is pictured. (Arabian inscriptions with names of planets are connected with different anthropomorphous figures. These inscriptions are placed side by side, on the background of four paddle medallions of yellow color. These medallions are outlined by yellow contour line). All other figures are placed around the Sun. Two of them are placed in upper part, two of them are placed in bottom of medallion, and the rest four stars are on the right and on the left side of Sun. So, the placing of figures – symbols of planets – reproduces the scheme of planets placing in the sky. This facenables to presume, that ancient inhabitants of Azerbaijanstudied the sky and had their own,spmewhat primitive ideas about the planets. Zoroaster himself was considered a Zoroastrian prophet and anastrologer, he knew the stars and the sky. That was the reason, that the name Zoroaster for ancient Greeks was associated with notion «astron» – star. So, in ancient sources Zoroaster is described as wise astrologer, the doctrine, founded by him, is named Zoroastrism.

Determining the process parameters of biocatalytic activation of oak wood for aging brandy distillates

Представлены результаты исследований по определению параметров проведения процесса биокаталитической активации древесины дуба для выдержки коньячных дистиллятов. В настоящее время эти параметры не определены, поэтому их обоснование и выбор является актуальным направлением и целью исследований. Были изучены 12 вариантов обработки дубовой древесины, предусматривающие различную дозировку биокатализатора (ферментного препарата) и длительность его воздействия. По истечении 6-месячной выдержки все полученные образцы коньячных дистиллятов были подвергнуты химическому и органолептическому анализу. Наиболее высокий дегустационный балл получили дистилляты, выдержанные в контакте с образцами клепки № 3, 6 и 10 - по 8,4 балла. При этом время контакта с комплексным ферментным препаратом (КФП) составляло 3-4 суток, а его концентрация 0,75-1,0 г. Увеличение концентрации КФП или продолжительности процесса обработки признано нерациональным, так как, согласно результатам органолептической оценки, сверхсильная интенсификация процесса этанолиза не способствует улучшению качества. В образцах данной группы были отмечены во вкусе излишняя танинность и сладость, кроме того, они приобретали легкий буроватый оттенок. Определены параметры процесса биокаталитической активации древесины дуба для выдержки коньячных дистиллятов, способствующие активации гидролитических процессов, ускорению процессов экстракции и гидролитического расщепления компонентов древесины дуба. В результате этого в коньячном дистилляте накапливаются оптимальные концентрации дубильных веществ и фенольных альдегидов, играющих весомую роль в сложении типичных органолептических свойств коньяка. The article presents the results of research to determine the process parameters of biocatalytic activation of oak wood for aging brandy distillates. Since these parameters are not defined at the present time, their justification and selection is a hot topic and a goal of research. We have studied 12 variants of processing the oak wood, providing different dosage of biocatalyst (enzyme preparation) and the exposure duration. After 6 months of aging, all the obtained samples of brandy distillates were subjected to chemical and organoleptic analysis. The highest tasting evaluation (8.4 points) was given to distillates aged in contact with stave samples No. 3, 6 and 10. Meanwhile, the time of contact with a complex enzyme preparation (CEP) consisted of 3-4 days, and its concentration was 0.75-1.0 g. An increase in the concentration of CEP or the treatment process duration was recognized as not rational, since, according to the results of organoleptic evaluation, super-strong intensification of the ethanolysis process did not improve the quality. The excessive tannin content and sweetness was registered in flavor of samples of this group. Also they tinged a kind of light brown color. The process parameters of biocatalytic activation of oak wood for aging brandy distillates have been determined, contributing to the activation of hydrolytic processes, acceleration of extracting and hydrolytic splitting of oak wood components. As a result of this, the optimal concentration of tannins and phenolic aldehydes is accumulated in brandy distillates, playing a significant role in composition of typical organoleptic properties of brandy.

Description and distribution of Nemacystus howei (W.R. Taylor) Kylin (Chordariaceae) from the northern coast of the Yucatán peninsula

Background: There are few studies about Nemacystus on the Atlantic coast, and N. howei has been reported only once for Mexico; that record, however, did not provide a description of this species. Question: What are the morphological characteristics of Nemacystus howei and its distribution on the Yucatan coast? Species study: Macroalgae, Phaeophyceae, Nemacystus howei. Study site and year of study: North coast of Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico. Dry and rainy seasons from 2017 to 2019. Methods: Sampling was carried out at five localities, at 5 and 10 m depths, with scuba equipment. Specimens were preserved in diluted formalin in sea water; silica gel and dried-pressed vouchers are housed at the UADY Results: Six samples were collected at the five localities. Each one contains a small mass of filamentous of specimens of Nemacystus howei, that were found only during dry season, at both depths sampled. This alga has a thallus of an entangled filamentous mass of cylindrical, mucilaginous axes, of a light brown color. Younger branches have a solid central axis. Branching is abundant. The main, older axes are hollow. The assimilatory filaments are branched a few times, producing uniseriate colorless hairs and with plurilocular sporangia arising from the base. Nemacystus howei is easily confused with Cladosiphon occidentalis Kylin due to their similar morphology, branching pattern, and size. Conclusion: The significant morphological similarities between these species as well as the paucity of specific works on the Phaeophyceae of the Yucatan Peninsula may explain why Nemacystus howei had not been previously reported.

Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Analysis of Ayurveda Medicine (Atibala) Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet Roots Collected From Field

Atibala (Abutilon indicum Linn.) Sweet belonging to Family Malvaceae is very important plant since long in traditional medicine of India and grows in waste places. The drug is attributed Balya Kantivardhaka, Grahi, Ojovardhaka, Brinhana, Krimighna, Dahahara, Vatahara, Rasayana, Mutrajanana, Mridurechana, Vajikara, Kasahara and Vedanahara properties in different Ayurvedic classical texts. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies are essential for proper identification and authentication of the drug. Various methods including microscopy, physiochemical contents and phytochemical estimation along with quantitative analysis were conducted to evaluate Pharmacognostical, physiochemical and preliminary phytochemical standards of Atibala (Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet roots. These studies can be helpful to define diagnostic features for identification and standardization of both intact and powdered drug. The organoleptic examination of the intact and powdered materials of roots of Atibala revealed light brown color, odourless odour and astringent and bitter taste. After analysing result of present study, we found presence of carbohydrates, tannins, protein, alkaloid, saponin, amino acids and phenolic compounds in both alcoholic and aqueous extract. Present study will be helpful in ensuring efficacy of the drug, safety, purity and about adulteration of drug.

Pharmacognostic Study of Sangkareho Root (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) from Pelaihari, South Kalimantan

Sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) is used traditionally by one of Kalimantan's indigenous tribes, the Dayak Tunjung tribe as a medicine for colds and inflammation, where the plant parts used are the roots. Considering its very potential prospects, research aimed at providing a scientific basis for plant pharmacognostic data needs to be carried out with qualitative methods. The qualitative examination is done by several methods including test identification of organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical compounds. Organoleptic test results showed that the roots have a light brown color, bitter and slightly spicy, and a rather pungent odor. Microscopic test results showed sangkareho root has a length of � 90 cm; width of � 1 cm; and for the form of a spear with a ride root system. Microscopic observations are found in the form of epidermal cells, exodermis, cortex, endodermis, bearing files, calcium oxalate crystals, and stone cells. The identification of chemical compounds showed positive results against alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids. The thin-layer chromatography profile shows four separate stains with eluent ethyl acetate : methanol : water in a ratio of 8 : 2 : 1, respectively.

Perbedaan Hasil Pencelupan Bahan Sutera Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Kepok dengan Mordan Tawas dan Kapur Sirih.

This research is motivated as an effort to reduce the problem of environmental pollution by re-using natural dyes. The natural dyes used are the utilization of waste which is kepok banana peel. The purpose of this study is to describe the name of the color (hue), dark light (value), and evenness of color as well as differences in mordan alum and whiting to the results of dyeing silk material using kapok banana peel extract (MusaParadisiaca L). This type of research is experimental research. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire (questionnaire) from 18 panelists. The data analysis technique was carried out using the Friedman K-related sample test technique and using the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) version 16.0 application. Dipping silk material with Kepok Banana peel extract (MusaParadisiaca L) without mordan yielding a Wheat Light Brown color with Code # F6E7B0 and value category very bright and evenness of color in the very flat category. In dyeing with mordan alum produces Light Brown color with code # E7BE75 with light category and flatness value in the flat category, while in dyeing with mordan whiting the color name is Golden Sundanese with code # D7A04F with the value of the category light enough and flat for the category flatness. Friedman K-related sample test results obtained for light dark color (value) is 0.001 <0.05, then H0 is rejected, meaning that there are significant color differences. Whereas the color density of the data obtained was 0.154> 0.05, H0 was accepted, meaning that there was no significant difference in color evenness in the dyeing of silk material using Kepok banana peel extract (MusaParadisiaca L) with mordan alum and whiting. Keywords: mordan alum and betel lime, kepok banana peel (Musa Paradisiaca L), silk material

PREPARATION DIFFERENTIAL CULTURE MEDIUM FOR CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS FROM AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIAEFOLIUM

Objective: A new medium was prepared to isolate and diagnose the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans from flower and leaves aqueous extract of chrysanthemum. Methods: Prepared differential culture medium for C. neoformans from aqueous extract of leaves and flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and chemical, spectral tests of the extracts were tested, in addition of gas chromatography (GC)–mass was used to diagnose phenolic compounds in both leaves and flowers. Results: Showed that the yeast was grow with typical colonies on the new medium compared with other media which using in diagnosed of this yeast such as Staib agar and Sabourauds dextrose agar and unlike the yeast Candida albicans (as a negative control), which appeared in cream to white on this medium. Furthermore, the colonies are dark brown in color on flower chrysanthemum medium and light brown color on leaves chrysanthemum medium. In addition, the results of the chemical and spectral tests of the extracts confirmed that the plant contains many active compounds such as alkaloids, turbines, tannins, and phenols. The analysis of the extracts of phenolic compounds using GC–mass led to the diagnosis of five compounds in the leaf extract and nine compounds in the flower extract of this plant. Conclusions: The media was prepared is differential medium that use to diagnosis of Cryptococcus such as Staib agar. Moreover, low economic cost, which consists of leaves and flowers of a plant available, abundance and the method of preparation is very simple.

Kualitas Organoleptik dan Nilai pH Kulit Kopi yang Difermentasi dengan Penambahan Level Trichoderma sp. yang Berbeda

This study aimed to determine the quality of organoleptic and pH value of fermented coffee peel using Trichoderma sp. at different levels. The treatment of coffee peel fermented using Trichoderma sp. consisted of P0 (without Trichoderma sp.), P1 (7.5 g), P2 (15.0 g), and P3 (22.5 g). Each treatment consisted of 4 replications. The parameters observed included: organoleptic quality (color, aroma, and texture) and pH value. The organoleptic test using the scoring method by 12 panelists. The result was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). A comparison among different treatments was performed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Fermentation of coffee peel waste with Trichoderma sp. produces average light brown color, sour aroma, and softer texture with an increasing percentage of Trichoderma sp. The pH value of coffee peel fermentation with Trichoderma sp. ranged around 6.

Kualitas Organoleptik dan Nilai pH Kulit Kopi yang Difermentasi dengan Penambahan Level Trichoderma sp. yang Berbeda

This study aimed to determine the quality of organoleptic and pH value of fermented coffee peel using Trichoderma sp. at different levels. The treatment of coffee peel fermented using Trichoderma sp. consisted of P0 (without Trichoderma sp.), P1 (7.5 g), P2 (15.0 g), and P3 (22.5 g). Each treatment consisted of 4 replications. The parameters observed included: organoleptic quality (color, aroma, and texture) and pH value. The organoleptic test using the scoring method by 12 panelists. The result was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). A comparison among different treatments was performed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Fermentation of coffee peel waste with Trichoderma sp. produces average light brown color, sour aroma, and softer texture with an increasing percentage of Trichoderma sp. The pH value of coffee peel fermentation with Trichoderma sp. ranged around 6.

Formulasi Emulgel Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.)

Garlic have an activity as antifungal. Garlic extract need to be non spesific standarized to get consistent quality. Emulgel have hydrophobic or hidrophilic active substances because emulgel is a combination of emulsion and gel. This study aims to obtain the garlic extract emulgel formula which has good quality and good physical properties.The garlic extraction method maceration method with ethanol 96% as a solvent (1:7.5). Non spesific parameter of extract standardization were powder lost on drying, water content, ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, mass of extract spesification. Extract were standardized and then formulated in emulgel dosage form with 25% concentration of extract, then emulgel evaluated for physical properties include organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, temperature stability, spreadability, stickiness, type of emulsion, and viscosity. The results showed rendemen of extract (8.90 ± 0.12)%, lost on drying (6.85 ± 0.11)%, water content of extract (4.16 ± 1.4)%, ash content of powder (3.24 ± 0.02)% and extract (1.14 ± 0.03)%, acid-insoluble ash content powder (0.96 ± 0.02)% and extract (0.61 ± 0.07)%, the mass of extract spesification 1.028, and for the physical properties test of emulgel preparations obtained homogeneous emulgel, semisolid form, light brown color, smell of extract garlic, stable at 5ºC and 25ºC for 24 hours, pH 7, spreadability (2.49±0.12) g.cm.s-1, stickiness (61.99±5.81)seconds, type of emulsion o/w, viscosity(2.63±0.22) Pa.s. Based on the study was obtained garlic extract that fulfill the requirements of non spesific parameter standardization from Farmakope Herbal Indonesia and emulgel formulation of garlic extract has good physical properties.