KALANDUE ANADARA GRANDIS SEA SHELLS AS ECO-FRIENDLY FLOOR FINISH MATERIALS

A high low energy in buildings is determined in the potential use of materials. Tile material is potentially made by architects as a sustainable building material. The use of tiles was marginalized by ceramic flooring products produced by large industries. The result of studies on the issue of global warming note that the embodied CO2 from the tile floor is almost seven times more than the embodies CO2 tiles. This result shows that tile products are environmentally sound and sustainable compared to tile floors. In another side, Kendari City is a Coastal City, and there are Kampung KB (Family Planning) that much mothers in this village busy every day with searching metti-metti/kalandue (Anadara grandis). During this time, shell kalandue fisherman catches only utilized meat/adductor muscle, while the shell is removed and uses as waste. In order for the tile to be competitive and interesting to be used as the floor of the house, it is necessary to study to create a tandem-based kalandue. This research is intended to create a tandem-based kalandue that used exploration method. The process of analysis is done qualitatively, so it gets the form of a tile. The shape of the tiles is transformed from the parameters to the resulting tandem-based kalandue shell. This study concluded that kalandue sea shells as eco-friendly floor finish material made, as follows: the working tools used were simple and sufficient. The working materials used are quite available and economical. The making process is done quickly and easily.

Predicting Flammability of Railcar Interior Finish With Small-Scale Heat Release Rate Data

There is interest in providing a heat release rate based flammability requirements for interior finish materials on railcars. As a result, a research study was performed to develop a simple empirical model that can predict the real scale fire performance of an interior finish material from ASTM E1354 cone calorimeter data. A simple to use model has been developed to predict whether a material will contribute significantly to the growth of a fire inside of a railcar. The model consists of a flammability parameter, defined as the difference between the average heat release rate and the ratio of the ignition time and the burn duration. As indicated by the model, the relative flammability of materials is based on the balance between the heat release rate and the ease of ignition relative to burning duration. This work is focused on the use of the model in predicting material fire growth performance in full scale NFPA 286 room/corner tests, which has not previously been performed. The empirical flammability model was developed to use parameters which were obtained from cone calorimeter tests at 50 kW/m2 and provides a single value for a material. Generally, materials that have a flammability parameter of greater than 0.7 were determined to cause flashover in the NFPA 286 test, while those less than 0.6 did not cause flashover. The materials in the region between these values are borderline, with some causing flashover and some not. An initial assessment of a database of passenger railcar materials using the flammability parameter model revealed that about 50% of materials that meet NFPA 130 flammability requirements using ASTM E162 have the potential to cause flashover in the NFPA 286 room-corner test.

Assessment of reliability predictions of the reverberation time by using the architectonic software package Ecotect

Contemporary architectonic design mostly relies on the software tools which enable the engineers to analyze multiple factors affecting a space, and to timely detect and correct certain errors in designing, resulting from attempting to satisfy certain aspects of a space at the expense of others. Those tools which apart from architecture itself also consider other fields of science, depending on the function of these areas are important; thus in the lecture halls designing process, adequate software for analysis is used. In addition to a number of acoustic parameters characterizing the acoustic response of a room, in terms of design, one of the most important factors affecting the acoustics of the indoor areas is reverberation time, which is characterized by the architectonic parameters: room volume (dimensions), shape (form) and materialization (finish material). In this paper, for the purposes of acoustic analysis of the A amphitheater, the parametric values obtained in two ways, by experimental measuring and by software - Autodesk Ecotect and Autodesk Revit Architecture are compared. The software is increasingly used in contemporary architectonic software because of the option to analyze acoustics of indoor space, so there is a need to analyzed the values provided by the software and compare them with actually measured reverberation time.

Effect of Cooling and Isothermal Aging on Microstructure Using Electroless Nickel (Boron) Plating

This paper presents a study on relationship of cooling rates towards the intermetallic compound (IMC) morphology. Cooling rate is an important parameter as it has significant effect towards the IMC microstructure formation that indirectly affects solders joint reliability. However, there is still insufficient study regarding the effect of cooling rate on the IMC thickness and microstructure behavior by using Nickel Boron as surface finish material in the electronic packaging industry. In this study, Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu solder was used on Nickel Boron as coating layer. Cooling rates were obtained by cooling specimens in different media which is water and air. The elemental composition was confirmed using Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the microstructure of each IMC then analyzed using optical microscope, image analyzer and ImageJ. In this study, faster cooling rate (water) found to provide thicker IMC (6μm) compared to the other medium used. The morphology shape of each IMC also differs between different medium of cooling. IMC that undergoes faster cooling showed continues like layer while the one using air cooling formed scallop like IMC.