Effect of the food additive E407a on E-cadherin expression in the small intestine

Objective: to assess the features of the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin in the epithelial layer and stroma of the small intestinal mucous membrane after the administration of the food additive E407a.Materials and methods. E-cadherin expression was studied by the immunohistochemical method in 8 WAG rats receiving daily the food additive E407a orally for a period of 2 weeks in the amount of 140 mg per kg of body weight, and 8 control animals.Results. It has been found that the administration of E407a leads to reduced E-cadherin expression in intestinal epithelial cells (0.037 ± 0.004 U versus 0.129 ± 0.021 U in the control group, p<0.0001) per unit of area (250 × 250 micron).> < 0.0001) per unit of area (250 × 250 micron).Conclusion. Ingestion of the food additive E407a leads to a change in the expression patterns of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, which may contribute to the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier.

Analyzing Gluten Content in Various Food Products Using Different Types of ELISA Test Kits

Gluten is an insoluble protein produced when glutelins and prolamins, which are found in grains such as wheat, barley, and oats, combine to form an elastic thin film. This dietary gluten can cause severe contraction of the intestinal mucous membrane in some people, preventing nutrient absorption. This condition, called celiac disease (CD), affects approximately 1% of the world’s population. The only current treatment for patients with CD and similar diseases is lifelong avoidance of gluten. To analyze the gluten content in food, various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests are currently used. In this study, the gluten content in various food products was analyzed using different kinds of ELISA test kits. For gluten-free food, three different ELISA test kits mostly yielded values below the limit of detection. However, gluten was detected at 24.0–40.2 g/kg in bread, 6.5–72.6 g/kg in noodles, and 23.0–86.9 g/kg in different powder food samples. A significant difference (p < 0.05) in gluten content was observed for these gluten-containing food products. Reproducibility issues suggest that it is necessary to use several ELISA kits for the accurate detection and quantification of gluten in various food products rather than using one ELISA kit.

New Prospects of Cytoprotection in the Treatment and Prevention of Gastric and Intestinal Diseases (Resolution of an Expert Council and Literature Review)

Aim. To generalize up-to-date information on the possibilities of cytoprotection in the treatment and prevention of gastric and intestinal diseases, as well as to present the materials of an Expert Council meeting held on February 8, 2020 in Moscow under the support of the Alium company.General provisions. The conducted Expert Council meeting was aimed at discussing the importance of improving the cytoprotective properties of the gastric and intestinal mucous membrane in the treatment of its lesions. It was shown that Rebamipide exhibits positive effects on various parts of the protective barrier of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), primarily due to its stimulating action on the production of prostaglandins playing a key role in maintaining the cytoprotective properties of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The possibilities of applying Rebamipide for the treatment and prevention of erosive and ulcerative gastrointestinal lesions caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) and antithrombotic drugs were demonstrated. In the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Rebamipide is recommended for patients refractory to therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and for those with non-acid reflux. The efficacy of Rebamipide in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, as well as functional dyspepsia and chronic gastritis, was confirmed.Conclusions. Rebamipid is a highly effective drug positively affecting various cytoprotection links, thus being suitable for the treatment and prevention of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as gastroenterological diseases of various etiologies.Conflict of interest: The Expert Council meeting was supported by the Alium company.

Oral Manifestations of Celiac Disease

Celiac disease (CD) is chronic inflammatory disease of the proximal small intestine. It is caused by hypersensitivity to gluten proteins, rays and barley, which damage the intestinal mucous membrane, creating conditions for malabsorption. In addition to intestinal, classic forms of the disease, extraintestinal manifestations may occur. Aphthae in the oral cavity, defects of the enamel, caries, delayed tooth erupting, atrophic glossitis and angular cheilitis are some of them. Serological examination of patients with minimal symptoms and in patients with extraintestinal and atypical gastrointestinal symptoms would improve the timely diagnosis. By careful dental examination of the cavity with a special focus on these changes, we can contribute to early diagnosis of the CD. The education of patients about oral manifestations of CD can improve the quality of life of these patients.

Isolation and Immunocharacterization of Lactobacillus salivarius from the Intestine of Wakame-Fed Pigs to Develop Novel “Immunosynbiotics”

Emerging threats of antimicrobial resistance necessitate the exploration of effective alternatives for healthy livestock growth strategies. ‘Immunosynbiotics’, a combination of immunoregulatory probiotics and prebiotics with synergistic effects when used together in feed, would be one of the most promising candidates. Lactobacilli are normal residents of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, and many of them are able to exert beneficial immunoregulatory properties. On the other hand, wakame (Undaria pinnafida), an edible seaweed, has the potential to be used as an immunoregulatory prebiotic when added to livestock feed. Therefore, in order to develop a novel immunosynbiotic, we isolated and characterized immunoregulatory lactobacilli with the ability to utilize wakame. Following a month-long in vivo wakame feeding trial in 8-week-old Landrace pigs (n = 6), sections of intestinal mucous membrane were processed for bacteriological culture and followed by identification of pure colonies by 16S rRNA sequence. Each isolate was characterized in vitro in terms of their ability to assimilate to the wakame and to differentially modulate the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon beta (IFN-β) in the porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TLR-3 activation, respectively. We demonstrated that feeding wakame to pigs significantly increased the lactobacilli population in the small intestine. We established a wakame-component adjusted culture media that allowed the isolation and characterization of a total of 128 Lactobacilli salivarius colonies from the gut of wakame-fed pigs. Interestingly, several L. salivarius isolates showed both high wakame assimilation ability and immunomodulatory capacities. Among the wakame assimilating isolates, L. salivarius FFIG71 showed a significantly higher capacity to upregulate the IL-6 expression, and L. salivarius FFIG131 showed significantly higher capacity to upregulate the IFN-β expression; these could be used as immunobiotic strains in combination with wakame for the development of novel immunologically active feeds for pigs.

MICROBIOCENOSIS IN CHILDREN WHITH CHRONIC RECURRENT PYELONEPHRITIS.

Introduction — the leading mechanism of the kidney infections is the lymphogenous pathogen migration associated with translocation from the mesenteric lymph nodes and blood stream. Reduction in the number of bifidobacteria in the bifidobacteria\enterobacteria balance is an adverse prognostic factor of probably bacteria persistence in the urinary system. The aim of our study was to compare the urine microflora with the microbiocenosis of the intestinal mucous membrane as well as of the nose and throat mucosa in children with recurrent pyelonephritis (PN). Material and methods. Qualitative and quantitative investigation of the microbiological spectrum was per- fomed. In patients with the revealed e. coli the intestinal biocenosis was compared with the biocenosis of the nose and throat mucousa. The repeteated examination of the urine and feces was conducted in 12patients after the probiotic treatment. Results. The predominance of E. coli and conditionally pathogenic microorganismus in the urine tests for patients with chronic PN in active stage as well as in remission coincided with the indicators of the intestine biocenosis. Consistently high inoculation of S. aureus in the nasopharynx of children with acute and chronic PN correlated with the presence of this agent in the urine and feces. Prolonged use of probiotics led to decrease ofenterokoccus and eliminated pathogenic enteroflora, as well as to PN remission with lack of intercurrent respiratory infection in the dynamics of observation. Conclusion.Comparison of urine microflora with nasopharigeal mucosa as well as with intestinal mucosa microflora in patients with recurrent chronic PN gives the opportunity to predict the clinical bechaviour and to correct individually the treatment using probiotics whith antirecurrent purpose.

Effects of Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the morphology of the intestinal mucous membrane in piglets

Eighty piglets aged 14, 28, 35 and 56 days — weaned at day 28 — were subjected to this investigation. Each age-group consisted of five animals which were fed an Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (Cylactin®) and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi (Toyocerin®) based diet. Five animals served as controls. Tissue samples were collected immediately after sacrifice at 8.30 h a.m. from duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon to examine intestinal morphology and histochemistry. The results showed that with respect to villus height and crypt depth supplementation of probiotics in piglets feed seemed to influence the morphology and enlargement factor not at all or only to a certain extent. With respect to the number of goblet cells, the difference between probiotic fed animals and control animals was generally extremely low. The shape of the villi of the small intestinal segments greatly varied in all age groups of control and probiotic fed animals. However, this morphological variety does not depend on the mode of feeding.