The effectiveness of integrating CALL into EFL context

This study tries to investigate impacts of integrating CALL in classroom enhancing EFL learning gaps. This study also tries to provide local voice and insight of implementing CALL into Iranian EFL contexts as well as global perspectives in CALL. There is no qualm that CALL mediated is adhered as technology development to convey and paving paths which we are interacting with each one of community members specially in EFL context users; tutors or pupils. So, primary goal of this research is to find how information and communicative technology and its methodology can be effectively utilized to ameliorate cumbersome and prohibitive EFL teaching-learning obstacles. Based on findings it can be predicted that CALL helps to learn FL skills. Recent research has focused to go over status of CALL and non-CALL settings to investigate what students do while to use CALL technology in EFL contexts for their language learning activities. While a lot of studies have carried out research in a laboratory context or through structure observation, this study explores learners’ interactions and challenges within CALL. The results indicate significant changes in participants’ scores after to use CALL to learn EFL skills in contrast to non-CALL environments. It examines strategies in which persuade students’ challenges for their developing CALL professionals and brief overview of three stages of CALL history, teachers’ jobs about computer assisted language learning in classroom for language learning purposes, Web. 2 applications and a purview to CALL components.

Enhanced Nitrogen Removal of Steel Rolling Wastewater by Constructed Wetland Combined with Sulfur Autotrophic Denitrification

Constructed wetlands (CWs), an ecological treatment technology, is suitable for advanced treatment, but has an unsatisfying denitrification performance for steel rolling wastewater with low C/N ratio. This study combined sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) with conventional constructed horizontal subsurface flow wetlands to treat steel rolling wastewater, exploring the feasibility of applying SAD to enhance the denitrification performance of CWs. The reactor consists of two sections, one filled with manganese sand and gravel (HFC) and another filled with ceramic, sulfur, and lime (HFSAD). Results showed that HFC had a good performance on removing turbidity, DO, COD, and TP, while the average removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) in HFC was just 25.6%. On this basis, HFSAD could remove 45.6% of TN subsequently, whose denitrification rate was 4–6 times as high as that of HFC. Increasing hydraulic retention time could improve removal efficiency of contaminants in HFC and HFSAD in different degrees. The analysis of microbial community structure, observation results of fillers and monitored sulfate all provided proofs for the occurrence of SAD. CWs combined with SAD can be applied in the treatment of steel rolling wastewater with low carbon, which can provide reference for ecological wastewater treatment, water saving, and recycling in iron and steel enterprises.

Long-term sequestration process in the Borzęcin structure – observation evidence of the injected acid gas migration and possible leakage

The monograph presents the results of research carried out under the European SECURe (Subsurface Evaluation of CCS and Unconventional Risks) project in the years 2018-2020. A significant part of the SECURe project comprised evaluation of the effects of the long-term CO₂-H₂S sequestration process in the Borzęcin reservoir structure. This monograph includes all historical operational data determining assumed and implemented parameters of the process and various tests and analyses performed on downhole, as well as surface samples of reservoir fluids, taken from selected wells of the structure. They were aimed at identifying the propagation and intensity of acid gas migration within the structure and potential leakage pathways towards the ground surface. Some of the tests such as analysis of soil gas samples or samples of gas dissolved in brine have never been conducted before, and provided additional information on the safety of geological storage of acid gases within the Borzęcin structure. Corrosion potentials of well tubing and cement were also examined and analysed as they are crucial factors of well completion and leakage prevention. Key components of performed studies and analyses included a simulation model of the Borzęcin structure, constructed from a broad set of geological, geophysical and petrophysical data. The model was calibrated against available operational and measured data, and used to determine basic characteristics of the sequestration process such as: fluid saturations and compositions, their variation in time due to fluid migrations and the transition between various phases. The observation evidence indicating the absence of acid gas leakage from the Borzęcin structure was confirmed and explained by the simulation results of the sequestration process. The constructed and calibrated model of the structure was also used to predict the future performance of the current sequestration project. In addition, the capacity of the Borzęcin structure for increased sequestration was assessed by finding the optimum scenario of the risk-free sequestration performance.

Crystallization of FCC and BCC Liquid Metals Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The atomic structure variations on cooling, vitrification and crystallization processes in liquid metals face centered cubic (FCC) Cu are simulated in the present work in comparison with body centered cubic (BCC) Fe. The process is done on continuous cooling and isothermal annealing using a classical molecular-dynamics computer simulation procedure with an embedded-atom method potential at constant pressure. The structural changes are monitored with direct structure observation in the simulation cells containing from about 100 k to 1 M atoms. The crystallization process is analyzed under isothermal conditions by monitoring density and energy variation as a function of time. A common-neighbor cluster analysis is performed. The results of thermodynamic calculations on estimating the energy barrier for crystal nucleation and a critical nucleus size are compared with those obtained from simulation. The differences in crystallization of an FCC and a BCC metal are discussed.

Inner surface of Nepenthes slippery zone: ratchet effect of lunate cells causes anisotropic superhydrophobicity

Inner surface of Nepenthes slippery zone shows anisotropic superhydrophobic wettability. Here, we investigate what factors cause the anisotropy via sliding angle measurement, morphology/structure observation and model analysis. Static contact angle of ultrapure-water droplet exhibits the value of 154.80°–156.83°, and sliding angle towards pitcher bottom and up is 2.82 ± 0.45° and 5.22 ± 0.28°, respectively. The slippery zone under investigation is covered by plenty of lunate cells with both ends bending downward, and a dense layer of wax coverings without directional difference in morphology/structure. Results indicate that the slippery zone has a considerable anisotropy in superhydrophobic wettability that is most likely caused by the lunate cells. A model was proposed to quantitatively analyse how the structure characteristics of lunate cells affect the anisotropic superhydrophobicity, and found that the slope/precipice structure of lunate cells forms a ratchet effect to cause ultrapure-water droplet to roll towards pitcher bottom/up in different order of difficulty. Our investigation firstly reveals the mechanism of anisotropic superhydrophobic wettability of Nepenthes slippery zone, and inspires the bionic design of superhydrophobic surfaces with anisotropic properties.

IMPROVING STUDENTS ABILITY ON ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSE (ESP) COURSE THROUGH STAR 7 JUMPS MODEL AT COACH STUDY PROGRAM FKIP- UNRI

This classroom action research design was aimed at analysing students failure in learning ESP (English for specific purposes) and finding out its solution. The purpose of this study was to improve the ability of Coach Study Program students of FKIP UNRI in learning ESP through STAR 7 Jumps model and to find out factors that contribute more to the improvement. Total 36 students which consisted of 27 boys and 9 gilrs involved as the participants of the study. This reserach was done in two cycles. Designing syllabus, evaluating teaching materials, and compiling teaching materials were also the procedures done in the each cysle (Planing, action, observation and reflection). Semi structure observation sheets and field note were used to identify how leacturer teaching and how learners learning and ESP achievement test was employed to identify students ability. The lecturer applied the seven steps of STAR well and it made the students more active, motivated and interested in learning ESP. Students’ ability in learning ESP was also improved where mean pre-test was 67, mean post-test cycle 1 was 73 and mean post-test cycle 2 was 76. The most dominant factor that caused the improvment was the teaching materials about match sport topic by which most students were active in problem identification, brain storming, analyzing and formulating problems, self-study and presentation.