scholarly journals Life - History Studies on New Zealand Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robert George Wear
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generic Composition ◽  
The Status

<p>1. Abbreviated or direct development is described in Pilumnus novaezelandiae Filhol, 1886 and P. lumpinus Bennett, 1964 (Xanthidae, Pilumninae) from New Zealand. Embryonic development is separated into Nauplius, Metanauplius, and embryonic Zoea stages. In P. novaezelandiae, larvae hatch at a Megalopa stage and are retained beneath the pleon of the female crab. The Megalopa larva and first five juvenile crab stages are described. In P. lumpinus emergent larvae are advanced, much-modified, and non-natatory Zoeae which are not retained by the parent. The Zoea and Megalopa larvae of this species are described. Abbreviated development has little phylogenetic significance among Brachyura, and has probably evolved as a response to habitat requirements of adult crabs. 2. A brief account is given of the systematics and distribution of the New Zealand xanthid crabs Heterozius rotundifrons A. Milne Edwards, 1867, Ozius truncatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834, and of Heteropanope (Pilumnopeus) serratifrons (Kinahan, xanthid Brachyura and to the Megalopa larvae of Heterozius rotundifrons and Ozius truncatus. Notes are given on the seasonal breeding cycle of Heterozius rotundifrons, and the pre-Zoea larva, two Zoea larval stages, and the Megalopa larva reared in the laboratory are described. Ozius truncatus possesses a pre-Zoea larva, four Zoea larval stages, and a Megalopa larva. These have been reared and are described. A key is given for the separation of the Zoea larval stages. The pre-Zoea larva and first stage Zoea larva of Heteropanope Pilumnopeus serratifrons are described. There are probably four zoeal stages in the larval development of this species. 3. The characters of Zoea larvae of the family Xanthidae described up of the present time are critically analysed and considered in relation to the status of currently accepted adult genera and species, the generic groupings used by Monod (1956), and the generic composition of the subfamilies proposed by Balss (1957). Xanthid Zoea larvae fall into two natural groups of genera based on larval characters, the most important being the length of the antennal exopod in relation to that of the spinous process. The first group is equivalent to the subfamily Xanthinae as reconstituted by Balss (1957), but there is no larval evidence suggesting that the "Panopean" genera should be separated from the "Xanthian" genera as suggested by Monod (1956). A second natural group is formed by larvae of the subfamily Menippinae as in Balss (1932, 1957), the subfamily Pilumninae of Balss (1957), and the genus Geryon. Larvae of genera in the subfamily Trapeziinae Miers should be removed from the section Hyperolissa and included in this second natural group. Zoea larvae described from the genera Heteropanope and Pilumnopeus form a separate branch of the second group. Zoea larval evidence does not support Monod's (1956) separation of Eriphia from the "Menippian" group of genera. 4. The first stage Zoea larva Hemiplax hirtipes (Jacquinot, 1853) is described, and present knowledge concerning larvae of crabs of the family Ocypodidae is summarized discussed. No diagnostic character is common to all ocypodid Zoea larvae, but affinities are shown with those of the families Hymenosomidae, Pinnotheridae, and Grapsidae. 5. Pre-Zoea and first stage Zoea larvae hatched from the grapsid crabs Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius, 1793), Planes marinus Rathbun, 1915, Hemigrapsus crenulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), H. edwardsi (Hilgendorf, 1882), Cyclograpsus lavauxi H. Milne Edwards, 1853, Helice crassa Dana, 1851, and Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus, 1764) from New Zealand are described. A key is given for the separation of these larvae. Known Zoea larvae of the family Grapsidae show close affinities with those of the brachyrhynchous families Ocypodidae and Gecarcinidae, and fall into four groups based on larval characters. This system of larval classification agrees with the present arrangement of adult genera into subfamilies except for a division among larvae of the subfamilies Varuninae and Sesarminae. The length of larval life and larval dispersal probably has no bearing on the presence or absence of certain New Zealand species at the Chatham Islands.</p>

scholarly journals Life - History Studies on New Zealand Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robert George Wear
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generic Composition ◽  
The Status

<p>1. Abbreviated or direct development is described in Pilumnus novaezelandiae Filhol, 1886 and P. lumpinus Bennett, 1964 (Xanthidae, Pilumninae) from New Zealand. Embryonic development is separated into Nauplius, Metanauplius, and embryonic Zoea stages. In P. novaezelandiae, larvae hatch at a Megalopa stage and are retained beneath the pleon of the female crab. The Megalopa larva and first five juvenile crab stages are described. In P. lumpinus emergent larvae are advanced, much-modified, and non-natatory Zoeae which are not retained by the parent. The Zoea and Megalopa larvae of this species are described. Abbreviated development has little phylogenetic significance among Brachyura, and has probably evolved as a response to habitat requirements of adult crabs. 2. A brief account is given of the systematics and distribution of the New Zealand xanthid crabs Heterozius rotundifrons A. Milne Edwards, 1867, Ozius truncatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834, and of Heteropanope (Pilumnopeus) serratifrons (Kinahan, xanthid Brachyura and to the Megalopa larvae of Heterozius rotundifrons and Ozius truncatus. Notes are given on the seasonal breeding cycle of Heterozius rotundifrons, and the pre-Zoea larva, two Zoea larval stages, and the Megalopa larva reared in the laboratory are described. Ozius truncatus possesses a pre-Zoea larva, four Zoea larval stages, and a Megalopa larva. These have been reared and are described. A key is given for the separation of the Zoea larval stages. The pre-Zoea larva and first stage Zoea larva of Heteropanope Pilumnopeus serratifrons are described. There are probably four zoeal stages in the larval development of this species. 3. The characters of Zoea larvae of the family Xanthidae described up of the present time are critically analysed and considered in relation to the status of currently accepted adult genera and species, the generic groupings used by Monod (1956), and the generic composition of the subfamilies proposed by Balss (1957). Xanthid Zoea larvae fall into two natural groups of genera based on larval characters, the most important being the length of the antennal exopod in relation to that of the spinous process. The first group is equivalent to the subfamily Xanthinae as reconstituted by Balss (1957), but there is no larval evidence suggesting that the "Panopean" genera should be separated from the "Xanthian" genera as suggested by Monod (1956). A second natural group is formed by larvae of the subfamily Menippinae as in Balss (1932, 1957), the subfamily Pilumninae of Balss (1957), and the genus Geryon. Larvae of genera in the subfamily Trapeziinae Miers should be removed from the section Hyperolissa and included in this second natural group. Zoea larvae described from the genera Heteropanope and Pilumnopeus form a separate branch of the second group. Zoea larval evidence does not support Monod's (1956) separation of Eriphia from the "Menippian" group of genera. 4. The first stage Zoea larva Hemiplax hirtipes (Jacquinot, 1853) is described, and present knowledge concerning larvae of crabs of the family Ocypodidae is summarized discussed. No diagnostic character is common to all ocypodid Zoea larvae, but affinities are shown with those of the families Hymenosomidae, Pinnotheridae, and Grapsidae. 5. Pre-Zoea and first stage Zoea larvae hatched from the grapsid crabs Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius, 1793), Planes marinus Rathbun, 1915, Hemigrapsus crenulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), H. edwardsi (Hilgendorf, 1882), Cyclograpsus lavauxi H. Milne Edwards, 1853, Helice crassa Dana, 1851, and Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus, 1764) from New Zealand are described. A key is given for the separation of these larvae. Known Zoea larvae of the family Grapsidae show close affinities with those of the brachyrhynchous families Ocypodidae and Gecarcinidae, and fall into four groups based on larval characters. This system of larval classification agrees with the present arrangement of adult genera into subfamilies except for a division among larvae of the subfamilies Varuninae and Sesarminae. The length of larval life and larval dispersal probably has no bearing on the presence or absence of certain New Zealand species at the Chatham Islands.</p>

The Cretaceous and Paleocene pleurotomariid (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) fauna of Seymour Island, Antarctica

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Harasewych ◽  
Anton Oleinik ◽  
William Zinsmeister
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Southern India ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Seymour Island

Leptomaria antipodensis and Leptomaria hickmanae are described from the Upper Cretaceous [Maastrichtian] Lopez de Bertodano Formation, Seymour Island, and represent the first Mesozoic records of the family Pleurotomariidae from Antarctica. Leptomaria stillwelli, L. seymourensis, Conotomaria sobralensis and C. bayeri, from the Paleocene [Danian], Sobral Formation, Seymour Island, are described as new. Leptomaria larseniana (Wilckens, 1911) new combination, also from the Sobral Formation, is redescribed based on better-preserved material. The limited diversity of the pleurotomariid fauna of Seymour Island is more similar to that of the Late Cretaceous faunas of Australia and New Zealand in terms of the number of genera and species, than to the older, more diverse faunas of South America, southern India, or northwestern Madagascar, supporting the status of the Weddelian Province as a distinct biogeographic unit. The increase in the species richness of this fauna during the Danian may be due to the final fragmentation of Gondwana during this period.

An oribatid mite, Hydrozetes lemnae (Hydrozetidae) on farmed eels Anguilla australis and A. dieffenbachii (Anguillidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1809-1813
Author(s):  
Qing-Hai Fan ◽  
Philip Heath
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Anguilla Australis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Oribatid Mite Species

An oribatid mite species found infesting the farmed eels Anguilla australis and A. dieffenbachii (Anguillidae) in New Zealand was identified as Hydrozetes lemnae in the family Hydrozetidae (Acari: Sacoptiformes). All post larval stages have been detected and identified. The potential significance of the mites to the farmed eels is discussed.

scholarly journals A review of the subfamily Eliminiinae (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Austrobalanidae), including a new genus, Protelminius nov., from the Oligocene of New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2349 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN S. BUCKERIDGE ◽  
WILLIAM A. NEWMAN
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Genus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
World War ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Restricted Region ◽  
The Antarctic

The Elminiinae, comprising the four-plated taxa Elminius Leach, 1825 (one species), Austrominius Buckeridge, 1983 (six species), †Matellionius Buckeridge, 1983 (one species), a new Oligocene genus, †Protelminius (one species), plus the six-plated Hexaminius Foster, 1982a (two species), is reviewed and current geographic distributions of its species updated. While originally restricted to southern Australia, New Zealand and southernmost South America, one species, A. modestus (Darwin, 1854), was introduced to England during World War II and is now more widely distributed in Europe. The status of four questionable species of Austrominius, currently attributed to a restricted region within South Australia, is discussed. A re-evaluation of the subfamily’s morphology, triggered by recent phylogenetic studies, suggests it be removed from the lower Balanoidea and placed closest to the lower Tetraclitoidea, i.e. to a position envisaged for Elminius s.l. in Darwin (1854). The fossil record of the revised Austrobalanidae is re-evaluated in light of palaeogeography, indicating that the family may have originated during the Eocene in waters off what is now the Antarctic Peninsula.

Allotanaupodidae, a new family of early derivative Parasitengona  (Acari: Prostigmata)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1517 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHI-QIANG ZHANG ◽  
QING-HAI FAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Three New Species

A new family of early derivative Parasitengona (Acari: Prostigmata), Allotanaupodidae fam. nov., is described from New Zealand based on adults and deutonymphs of two new genera and five new species and a new superfamily Allotanaupodoidea is erected to accommodate it. The new family is characterized by the absence of prodorsal trichobothria and sensory areas, the presence of one or two pairs of plates with multiple setae on C to PS rows of dorsal hysterosoma, the presence of only two pairs of genital acetabula in adults, and short, distally inserted palptarsus on the palptibia. The family consists of two subfamilies (Allotanaupodinae subfam. nov. and Paratanaupodinae subfam. nov.), with the former endemic to New Zealand. Allotanaupodinae subfam. nov. has a single genus, Allotanaupodus gen. nov., which is represented by three new species from New Zealand: Allotanaupodus williamsi sp. nov. (type species) from Kawau I., Auckland, Allotanaupodus orete sp. nov. from Orete Forest, Te Puia Hut and Allotanaupodus winksi sp. nov. from Mt. Messenger, Taranaki. The eyeless Paratanaupodinae subfam. nov. consists of two genera: Nanotanaupodus gen. nov. and Paratanaupodus Andre & Lelievre-Farjon, 1960. The type genus Paratanaupodus Andre & Lelievre-Farjon, 1960 was previously placed in the Tanaupodidae and is represented by a single species, Paratanaupodus insensus André & Lelievre-Farjon, 1960, from South America. Nanotanaupodus gen. nov. is represented by two new species from New Zealand: Nanotanaupodus andrei sp. nov. (type species) from Waituhi Saddle and Nanotanaupodus gracehallae sp. nov. from Orete Forest, Te Puia Hut. A key to superfamilies of terrestrial Parasitengona (post-larval stages) is provided, along with keys to subfamilies, genera and species of the new family.

Pathways ahead for New Zealand hill country farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Hill

This paper provides a stocktake of the status of hill country farming in New Zealand and addresses the challenges which will determine its future state and performance. It arises out of the Hill Country Symposium, held in Rotorua, New Zealand, 12-13 April 2016. This paper surveys people, policy, business and change, farming systems for hill country, soil nutrients and the environment, plants for hill country, animals, animal feeding and productivity, and strategies for achieving sustainable outcomes in the hill country. This paper concludes by identifying approaches to: support current and future hill country farmers and service providers, to effectively and efficiently deal with change; link hill farming businesses to effective value chains and new markets to achieve sufficient and stable profitability; reward farmers for the careful management of natural resources on their farm; ensure that new technologies which improve the efficient use of input resources are developed; and strategies to achieve vibrant rural communities which strengthen hill country farming businesses and their service providers. Keywords: farming systems, hill country, people, policy, productivity, profitability, sustainability

The status of Gideon Mantell's “first” Iguanodon tooth in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN C. YALDWYN ◽  
GARRY J. TEE ◽  
ALAN P. MASON
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Charles Lyell ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gideon Mantell

A worn Iguanodon tooth from Cuckfield, Sussex, illustrated by Mantell in 1827, 1839, 1848 and 1851, was labelled by Mantell as the first tooth sent to Baron Cuvier in 1823 and acknowledged as such by Sir Charles Lyell. The labelled tooth was taken to New Zealand by Gideon's son Walter in 1859. It was deposited in a forerunner of the Museum of New Zealand, Wellington in 1865 and is still in the Museum, mounted on a card bearing annotations by both Gideon Mantell and Lyell. The history of the Gideon and Walter Mantell collection in the Museum of New Zealand is outlined, and the Iguanodon tooth and its labels are described and illustrated. This is the very tooth which Baron Cuvier first identified as a rhinoceros incisor on the evening of 28 June 1823.

The Formation of a Budding Man Alone: The God Boy (Murray Reece, 1976)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fox
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
World War ◽  
Value System ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
The Family

This chapter analyses the earliest of the New Zealand coming-of-age feature films, an adaptation of Ian Cross’s novel The God Boy, to demonstrate how it addresses the destructive impact on a child of the puritanical value-system that had dominated Pākehā (white) society through much of the twentieth century, being particularly strong during the interwar years, and the decade immediately following World War II. The discussion explores how dysfunction within the family and repressive religious beliefs eventuate in pressures that cause Jimmy, the protagonist, to act out transgressively, and then to turn inwards to seek refuge in the form of self-containment that makes him a prototype of the Man Alone figure that is ubiquitous in New Zealand fiction.

"MOTHER, SHOWING NO SPECIAL AFFECTION FOR YOU, WRITES TO YOU VERY FRIENDLY". COUNT V.A. MUSIN-PUSHKIN'S PRE-WEDDING LETTERS TO HIS BRIDE

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Power Hierarchy

The article presents two letters from V.A. Musin-Pushkin which he wrote to his bride shortly before the wedding in 1828 (the letters are kept in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts). The text of the letters reflects the context of the time and everyday life, the system of views and the peculiarities of the worldview of a young aristocrat, the specific features of intra-family interaction in the field of feelings, marriage, human relations which inevitably turn out to be associated with the concepts of the family honor, family duty, the need to preserve the status of a noble family. The author traces how the power hierarchy is manifested at the level of relations within a close circle of relatives, as well as how traditional patterns are combined with new elements. Vladimir Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin, the youngest son of the archaeographer Count A.I. Musin-Pushkin, was arrested in connection with the case of the Decembrists, transferred from the Guards to the army and exiled to serve in Finland, where he met his future wife, Emilia Karlovna Shernval von Wallen. The article provides details of the family life of this married couple, as well as private facts from the biography of some other members of the Musin-Pushkin family.

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