Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) Food and You 2: Wave 2

he Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) is run in partnership between the Food Standards Agency and Local Authorities and provides information on the standards of hygiene found in food businesses at the time they are inspected. The scheme covers businesses providing food directly to consumers, such as restaurants, pubs, cafés, takeaways, hotels, hospitals, schools and other places people eat away from home, as well as supermarkets and other food shops. In Wales, the scheme also includes businesses that trade only with other businesses, for example, manufacturers. Food and You 2: Wave 2 is the first wave of data collection to include questions relating to the FHRS. The Food and You 2 survey has replaced the biennial Food and You survey (2010-2018), biannual Public Attitudes Tracker (2010-2019) and the Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) Consumer Attitudes Tracker (2014-2019). We previously commissioned the FHRS Consumer Attitudes Tracker survey to monitor consumer awareness, attitudes towards and use of the scheme. The survey moved from a biannual basis to an annual basis from 2017 onwards. Due to differences in the question content, presentation and mode of response, direct comparisons should not be made between these earlier surveys and Food and You 2.

Practical Drug Treatment Recommendations on the Drug Refractory Epilepsy Patients: 2021 Clinical Guideline Subcommittee for Epilepsy in the Korean Neurological Association

One third of the overall epilepsy population are estimated to be a drug refractory epilepsy (DRE), defined as the patients who failed to control seizure reduction, even tried two or more appropriate antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) trials. Those people need additional AEDs trials or other treatment options (resective surgery, neuromoulation, etc.). Here, we, clinical guideline committee of the Korean Neurological Association (KNA) introduce the recommendations of AEDs treatments including not only old and new AEDs currently available in Korea but also AEDs planned to be launched in the new future for DRE patients with literature review to help efficient decision of the clinician. The authors reviewed literatures and assessed efficacy and tolerability on 12 currently available and four newly introduced/or planned AEDs applied to DRE patients, published from November 2015 to July 2021. Brivaracetam, eslicarbazepine, canabidiol and cenobamate are the four AEDs that are newly introduced or planned to be launched soon. The reviewed articles are publications after November 2015, 2018 American Association of Neurology guideline, new AEDs which were introduced or planned to be launched as of 2021. All AEDs are classified based on the therapeutic rating scheme, generating recommendations. Overall 173 papers have been reviewed and analyzed for recommendation rationales. KNA introduce additional add-on treatment or conversional monotherapy guidelines on the drug refractory focal and generalized epilepsy. We hope these guidelines or recommendations to help clinical decision for the treatment of drug refractory epilepsy patients

ENGINEERING STUDENTS PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT IN POINT RATING ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

The development of students’ progress point-rating assessment at the university is discussed. The analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature of domestic and foreign authors on this issue was carried out. The practical aspects of using point-rating assessment system are discussed. In particular, the problem which consists in finding ways to improve methods of developing rating system is highlighted. The researchers worked out rating scheme for assessing students’ activities in the discipline «Professionally focused translation». The learning outcomes in the conditions of experimental work are analyzed. The attitude of students to the recommended assessment scheme is shown.

Russeting in ‘Apple’ Mango: Triggers and Mechanisms

Russeting is an important surface disorder of many fruitcrop species. The mango cultivar ‘Apple’ is especially susceptible to russeting. Russeting compromises both fruit appearance and postharvest performance. The objective was to identify factors, mechanisms, and consequences of russeting in ‘Apple’ mango. Russeting was quantified on excised peels using image analysis and a categorical rating scheme. Water vapour loss was determined gravimetrically. The percentage of the skin area exhibiting russet increased during development. Russet began at lenticels then spread across the surface, ultimately forming a network of rough, brown patches over the skin. Cross-sections revealed stacks of phellem cells, typical of a periderm. Russet was more severe on the dorsal surface of the fruit than on the ventral and more for fruit in the upper part of the canopy than in the lower. Russet differed markedly across orchards sites of different climates. Russet was positively correlated with altitude, the number of rainy days, and the number of cold nights but negatively correlated with minimum, maximum, and mean daily temperatures, dew point temperature, and heat sum. Russeted fruit had higher transpiration rates than non-russeted fruits and higher skin permeance to water vapour. Russet in ‘Apple’ mango is due to periderm formation that is initiated at lenticels. Growing conditions conducive for surface wetness exacerbate russeting.

Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Methyl Benzoate on the Predatory Bug Nesidiocoris tenuis

Benzoates (naturally occurring plant toxins) produce pesticidal effects on various pest insects and mites, but their effects on non-target insects are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluate the lethal and sublethal toxicity of methyl benzoate (MB) to adults of the generalist predatory bug Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae). To assess lethal effects, N. tenuis was exposed to plant surfaces treated with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% MB, as well as negative and positive controls (water and the neonicotinoid acetamiprid, respectively). Exposure to 1% MB resulted in the highest corrected mortality of 17.8% and 13.3% under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Thus, 1% MB can be classified as harmless to N. tenuis according to the International Organization for Biological Control rating scheme. At the sublethal level, MB exposure did not significantly affect the consumption of eggs of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci by N. tenuis relative to negative control feeding rates. In contrast, acetamiprid at the manufacturer’s recommended concentration reduced N. tenuis feeding activity by 45.4%. Furthermore, in a Y-tube olfactometer assay, there were no significant differences between the olfactory responses of N. tenuis to MB concentrations and the negative control (water). This study therefore suggests that MB could be used safely for pest control in combination with N. tenuis.

Therapist written goodbye letters: evidence for therapeutic benefits in the treatment of anorexia nervosa

Background:Despite their use in clinical practice, there is little evidence to support the use of therapist written goodbye letters as therapeutic tools. However, preliminary evidence suggests that goodbye letters may have benefits in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN).Aims:This study aimed to examine whether therapist written goodbye letters were associated with improvements in body mass index (BMI) and eating disorder symptomology in patients with AN after treatment.Method:Participants were adults with AN (n = 41) who received The Maudsley Model of Anorexia Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) in a clinical trial evaluating two AN out-patient treatments. As part of MANTRA, therapists wrote goodbye letters to patients. A rating scheme was developed to rate letters for structure and quality. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between goodbye letter scores and outcomes after treatment.Results:Higher quality letters and letters that adopted a more affirming stance were associated with greater improvements in BMI at 12 months. Neither the overall quality nor the style of goodbye letters were associated with improvements in BMI at 24 months or reductions in eating disorder symptomology at either 12 or 24 months.Conclusions:The results highlight the potential importance of paying attention to the overall quality of therapist written goodbye letters in the treatment of AN, and adopting an affirming stance.

Average scores integration in official star rating scheme

Purpose Evidence suggests that electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) plays a highly influential role in decision-making when booking hotel rooms. The number of online sources where consumers can obtain information on hotel ratings provided has grown exponentially. Hence, a number of companies have developed average scores to summarize this information and to make it more easily available to consumers. Furthermore, official star rating schemes are starting to provide these commercially developed average scores to complement the information their schemes offer. The purpose of this paper is to examine the robustness of these systems. Design/methodology/approach Average scores from different systems, and the scores provided by one rating site were collected for 200 hotels and compared. Findings Findings suggested important differences in the ratings and assigned descriptive word across websites. Research limitations/implications The results imply that the application of average scores by official organizations is not legitimate and identifies a research gap in the area of consumer and star rating standardization. Originality/value The paper is of value to the industry and academia related to the examination of rating scales adopted by major online review tourism providers. Evidence of malpractice has been identified and the adoption of this type of scales by official star rating schemes is questioned.