Chirp form selection to produce intense and broad harmonic spectra and attosecond pulses in the presence of single and superposition initial states

The chirp form selection for producing intense and broad high-order harmonic spectra has been investigated when the initial state is chosen to be the single or superposition states. It is found that, for the case of a single ground initial state, the down-chirp is much better for extending the harmonic cutoff with the stronger emission intensity. Moreover, the multi-color combined field is beneficial to produce the larger harmonic cutoff and higher harmonic intensity. After the control of laser waveform, the combination of 3-color down-chirps with a proper UV pulse is the best condition to obtain the intense X-ray spectral continuum and the isolated attosecond pulse. For the case of superposition initial state, both the up-chirp and down-chirp are beneficial to generate the high-intensity spectral regions. However, with the combination of multi-color field, only the harmonic cutoff can be further extended, and the harmonic intensity presents almost no changes for the superposition initial state case. Finally, by properly choosing the 3-color up-chirps or 3-color down-chirps combined pulses, the stronger intensity harmonic spectra covering the X-ray region can be obtained, which can produce the isolated pulses of 37 as.

Interstate Application on Behalf of Organisations Lacking Non-governmental Status is Inadmissible. Comment on ECtHR Decision in Slovenia v. Croatia (Application No. 54155/16)

The present commentary concerns the claims alleging a violation under Article 6(1) (right to a fair trial), Article 14 (Prohibition of Discrimination) and Article 13 (Right to an Effective Remedy) of the European Convention on Human Rights as well as Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (Peaceful Enjoyment of Possessions) to the European Conventionon Human Rights by preventing Ljubljana Bank (a Slovenian bank) from enforcing and collecting the debts of its Croatian debtors in Croatia by the Croatian authorities. The case under discussion is an inter-state case and the applicant was the Republic of Slovenia. The decision is significant from the perspective of the development of case law in inter-state cases, which are still rare in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. It has been confirmed that inter-state applications are additional measures for the protection of the rights of individuals which cannot be used to protect State interests.

ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEADERSHIP IN CONFLICT STATE: CASE STUDY IN SOUTHERN THAILAND

This study aims to explore the practice of Islamic education leadership in the conflict state, in Pattani Southern Thailand, a region where the conflict is prolonged until the decades are between the Malay Muslim minority with the Thai government that is Buddhist. Using a qualitative approach with the method of case study, this study focused on Madrasah Pattani, with the head of madrasa, one teacher, and three alumni as informants. Interviews were conducted with FGD to find out the extent of leadership in Pattani Madrasas during the conflict. The results were found that in hard conditions, the madrasa could develop a strong madrasa vision by adopting a modern curriculum and integrate it with the Islamic curriculum of Islam. Although this method has been opposed to the entry of Buddhist teachers, the head of madrasah neutralise by making several activities to create social cohesion and build cooperation with universities abroad. Leadership mode is rare and difficult to implement in areas that are being hit by an ethno-political conflict on behalf of religion.

Case Report of Ischemic Colitis Post Mild Covid 19 Infection

Background: COVID-19 has emerged as a global health pandemic emergency with a massive effect on public health globally. In addition to its effects on respiratory tract, COVID-19 disease had been linked to many gastrointestinal symptoms. Rarely, it has been associated with intestinal ischemia due to the resultant hypercoagulable state. Case Summary: We report a case of a young lady previously healthy, who presented with severe abdominal pain associated with tenesmus and mucoïdbloody diarrhea, diagnosed to have ischemic colitis post covid19 infection. One of the port of entry of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), to cause infection, is via an angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2). View that these ACE 2 receptors are highly expressed at the level of gastrointestinal tract, a variety of symptoms will occur. Recently, coagulopathy due to COVID-19 has emerged as a major component of the disease. The resultant ischemia has been reported to be associated with a hypercoagulable state. Lately, few cases were described worldwide of intestinal ischemia due to COVID-19 infection, mainly occuring in patients presenting with severe respiratory illness. Our patient did not complain of severe COVID-19 infection in the context of dyspnea or respiratory distress and did not have any features of shock requiring a vasopressor therapy. Treatment for ischemic colitis mainly involves supportive care with bowel rest. Conclusion: New datas concerning covid 19 infection are emerging. Ischemic colitis is a new aspect of manifestation of the infection, which can take place without necessarily being linked to a severe infection with covid 19 as in our case.

Aircraft Cabin Ventilation Theory

Ventilation on board of an aircraft is governed by the ventilation equation. In the steady state case, a concentration of any substance depends only on the source strength and the effective air flow rate for ventilation. Not all air for ventilation is effective and helps to lower concentration. Some air leaves the cabin without mixing and rinsing. This is expressed by the ventilation efficiency. The dynamics follows an exponential function and is expressed by a time constant that depends on the air change rate and the ventilation efficiency. The (theoretical) air change rate is the air flow rate divided by the volume of the room. With full mixing (i.e. ventilation efficiency of 1), the concentration is reduced to 36.8% after one air change.

Analytical Solution for Advection-Dispersion Equation of the Pollutant Concentration using Laplace Transformation

We present simple analytical solution for the unsteady advection-dispersion equation describing the pollutant concentration C(x; t) in one dimension. In this model the water velocity in the x-direction is taken as a linear function of x and dispersion coefficient D as zero. In this paper by taking k = 0, k is the half saturated oxygen demand concentration for pollutant decay, we can apply the Laplace transformation and obtain the solution. The variation of C(x; t) with different times t upto t → ∞ (the steady state case) is taken into account advection-dispersion equation in our study.