RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND ADOLESCENT RELIGIOSITY (Part 1: Urban and Rural Madrasah Aliyah Characteristics in Lombok Island)

The current social circumstances at the spiritual level have brought an enormous influence on the establishment of religious behavior in adolescent students, both in the level of belief, practice, and religious experience. Religious education in the madrasah environment has a strategic position in building students' religious behavior. This study aims to explain why the rural and urban madrasah environment context is essential to observe the role of religious education, especially Islamic education, in building students' religious behavior in Lombok island. Then it sorts out the madrasahs characteristics or uniqueness from the two different regions, rural and urban. This research is qualitative psychological research with ecological contextual theory as the theoretical framework. The data analysis method is descriptive and holistic by employing three flows of interacting activities, e.g., reducing data, presenting it, and drawing conclusions. Data was obtained through documentation, observation, and in-depth interviews. This research was conducted in six madrasahs, i.e., two Madrasah Aliyah located in the downtown, and four Madrasah Aliyah, which geographically represent the category of the rural madrasah. The research results indicate that the spiritual development of the students cannot be separated from the religious education context in their environment. In urban areas context, the madrasah environment has formal systemic characteristics, is supported by strong management and leadership, maintains the madrasah stability and conduciveness by implementing a power strategy through a set of rules and code of conduct. Meanwhile, madrasas in rural areas have flexible, dynamic, and adaptive characteristics, in which education takes into account cultural aspects and values applied in the community.

LIBERAL THINKING IN SALAF PESANTREN, IS IT POSSIBLE? (FREEDOM OF THOUGHT THE SANTRI MA’HAD ALY SUKOREJO, SITUBONDO)

The existence of Ma’had ‘Aly is an exciting thing and brings a narrative of controversy. Since being legalised in 2002, Ma’had ‘Aly has transformed into a modern Islamic educational institution under the auspices of a traditional Salaf pesantren. This article aims to explain Ma’had ‘Aly as an Islamic educational institution that specifically (takhaṣṣuṣ) produces fiqh experts and supports freedom of thought in exploring Islamic law. The research method uses a qualitative approach by studying documents extracted from the history of Ma’had ‘Aly, the takhaṣṣuṣ curriculum, and the Tanwirul Afkar (TA) bulletin. The results reveal the integration of the Ma’had ‘Aly curriculum, which is combined with the general curriculum and contemporary scriptures. Second, the controversy over TA as a forum for students to manifest their competence as fuqaha on various developing issues. Some of the controversial issues decided by TA were allowing interfaith marriages, allowing non-Muslim Indonesian President elections, and similarities between Islam and Christianity in relations and history. Some realities above show that Islamic liberal thought has emerged in salaf pesantren through Ma’had ‘Aly. The contribution of this research provides novelty that apparently Ma’had ‘Aly is trying to show that the door of ijtihād in the excavation of Islamic jurisprudence is still wide open.

DEVELOPMENT OF QUR'AN AND HADITH-BASED MATHEMATICS MODULE FOR STUDENTS' MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING AND RELIGIOUS CHARACTER

The module is a means of delivering material to students and a supporting tool in the learning process. The teaching materials used are also expected to be able to build the values ​​and morality of each student through learning the integration of science and religion, one of which is by using teaching materials based on the Qur'an and Hadith. This study aims to develop teaching materials in mathematics learning in the form of modules based on the Qur'an and Hadith. This type of research is research and development using the Borg & Gall development model. The development of the module is carried out on the fractional number material for class VII Islamic Junior High School (MTs). The data collection instruments used in this study were a questionnaire from media experts, material experts, and religious experts who were used to test the quality of the mathematics module based on the Qur'an and Hadith, as well as a questionnaire response from educators and students who were used to test interest in the developed module. Data collection methods used in this study are interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. This research produces a product in the form of a mathematical module based on the Qur'an and Hadith. In learning using a mathematics module based on the Qur'an and Hadith in grade VII Takhasus MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin Dayamurni can improve students' mathematical understanding at a moderate level. Learning using a mathematics module based on the Qur'an and Hadith can shape students' religious attitudes.

ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT TOWARD STUDENT ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY IN ONLINE LEARNING DURING PANDEMIC

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed many government policies. One of them is distance learning policies implemented by affected countries. However, distance-learning or online learning program has received a negative response due to the lack of preparation and socialization. Therefore parents, teachers, and students find it difficult to adapt. Students feel doubtful and anxious about success in online learning programs. At the same time, students need high self-efficacy to advance in learning and get the desired results. Therefore, this study aims to describe the description of student self-efficacy in online learning during the pandemics. The research method used is a qualitative approach. The primary data in library studies are compiled through various search pages for scientific journals, books, and government regulations. The study results show that not all students' academic self-efficacy during distance learning is high. Some students are in the lower middle category. In addition, social support has a strong role in increasing students' academic self-efficacy. Thus, this research can be used as an evaluation material in education and a reference in creating policies.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISION IN PANDEMIC ERA COVID-19

This survey aims to determine the effectiveness of educational supervision in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted in two different locations/districts, namely in Central Lombok and East Lombok, involving 250 educators who were chosen randomly. The focus of the survey consists of three important aspects in educational supervision, namely the existence of supervision in schools, the level of attendance of supervisors and the usefulness of directions given by supervisors to educators and education staffs. The survey results concluded that supervision at schools was carried out internally and externally with varying levels of supervisor attendance to provide direction to educators and education staffs. The frequency of attendance of the internal supervisor (Principal) is considered more intense (71%) than other supervisors. Likewise, the directions given are considered more useful by 85% of respondents than the directions given by other supervisors. To maximize this, supervisors are expected to be able to work even more optimally and be able to provide constructive and relevant directions to the existing situation and conditions.

CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS TO SOLVING MATH STORY PROBLEMS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Following the 2013 curriculum, the mathematics learning process requires critical and creative skills that can help students solve a problem on math problems. Students who maximize critical thinking can conclude the information obtained, know how to use the information in math story problems, and find sources of supporting communication in solving a problem. In addition, students must have creative thinking skills that find new ideas or ideas from math story problems. This study discussess the importance of critical and creative thinking skills in elementary school students in solving math story problems. The method used in this research is the library research method with a qualitative approach. Critical thinking skills are an active process that continuously and thoroughly contains the contents of one's thoughts about something in-depth to decide what to believe or do. At the same time, creative thinking skills are the process of bringing up or bringing up a new idea based on a combination of previous experience. New ideas emerge from old ideas combined in new ways. The learning model that supports students in solving story problems is Problem Solving.

ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEADERSHIP IN CONFLICT STATE: CASE STUDY IN SOUTHERN THAILAND

This study aims to explore the practice of Islamic education leadership in the conflict state, in Pattani Southern Thailand, a region where the conflict is prolonged until the decades are between the Malay Muslim minority with the Thai government that is Buddhist. Using a qualitative approach with the method of case study, this study focused on Madrasah Pattani, with the head of madrasa, one teacher, and three alumni as informants. Interviews were conducted with FGD to find out the extent of leadership in Pattani Madrasas during the conflict. The results were found that in hard conditions, the madrasa could develop a strong madrasa vision by adopting a modern curriculum and integrate it with the Islamic curriculum of Islam. Although this method has been opposed to the entry of Buddhist teachers, the head of madrasah neutralise by making several activities to create social cohesion and build cooperation with universities abroad. Leadership mode is rare and difficult to implement in areas that are being hit by an ethno-political conflict on behalf of religion.

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT DESIGN AT ISLAMIC SCHOOLS POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND INTEGRATED EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION OF SALEH CHILDREN, MALANG CITY

The combination of integrated educational design by integrating general science and religion and the religious character-building education has made the public entrust their sons and daughters to study at the institution. However, the problem is that quality is always a problem, even though the expectation of quality education is a requirement. The Anak Saleh Educational Foundation in Malang City is a consistent institution and committed to quality improvement. Researchers collect data using a descriptive qualitative approach and case study research type with a multi-cases design. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used cross-case data analysis. The results showed connectivity between input, process, and output in improving the quality of Islamic education institutions based on the institution's philosophy, namely Panca Character.

DAYAH AND MEUNASAH IN ACEH: REFORM IN LOCAL CONTEXT

The history of Islamic education in the early 20th century led to various changes, especially the emergence of madrasas as an Islamic schooling system. Traditional Islamic educational institutions inevitably have to harmonise and open themselves to transformation, even though they initially experienced opposition. Using a qualitative approach with a narrative documentation method based on historical texts and observations in several Islamic educational institutions in Aceh, this article focuses on revealing the history of the dayah and meunasah as a traditional Acehnese Islamic educational institution that underwent some fundamental changes. The results found: First, the existence of the dayah is more long-term than the meunasah even though both forms of this institution are rooted in the same ideological principles with different patterns, seen from the early 20th century until implementing sharia law in Aceh after the Helsinki peace agreement, the dayah was still existed by maintaining its institutional form. Second, the emergence of madrasas as a formation of the government’s political policy on the social conditions of the people that occurred has provided space for traditional Islamic educational institutions (such as the dayah) to open themselves to including general subjects, although this second result has led to struggles; Third, there is a contestation between dayah, Islamic schools, and madrasas, with public schools driven by traditionalist and modernist groups in maintaining their existence. The contest has opened the history of the dayah and meunasah into the form of public schools and madrasas in the future, both of which apply Islamic religious material, where public schools are superior to madrasas in terms of curriculum, educational programs, and human resources.

TYPES OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG LEARNERS WITH MODERATE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY IN NIGERIA AS PERCEIVED BY TEACHERS

This study examined aggressive behavior (verbal aggression, physical assault, socially unacceptable and destructive behavior) among learners with moderate intellectual disability in south-western Nigeria, through teachers’ perceptions. The study used a descriptive survey design. Convenient sampling technique was used to select respondents (87 teachers of pupils with intellectual ability in private and public schools in south West Nigeria). The aggressive behavior scale (ABS) was used to elicit responses. Data retrieved was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that teachers’ perception of the developmental trend of aggressive behavior among learners with moderate intellectual disability was significant (T = 44.385, Mean Difference = 3.115 while p < .05). Also, there was no significant gender difference in verbal aggressive (F=0.997, p>.05), physical aggressive (F=3.628, p>.05), socially unacceptable aggressive (F=1.233, p>.05), and destructive behavior (F=0.571, p>.05). Interventions should be in line with these.