Hydrocarbon Compatible SOFC Anode Catalysts and Their Syntheses: A Review

With the fast depleting rate of fossil fuels, the whole world is looking for promising energy sources for the future, and fuel cells are perceived as futuristic energy sources. Out of the different varieties of fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising due to their unique multi-fuel operating capability without the need for an external reformer. Nonetheless, the state-of-the-art anode material Ni–YSZ undergoes carburization in presence of hydrocarbons (HCs), resulting in performance degradation. Several strategies have been explored by researchers to overcome the issue of carburization of the anode. The important strategies include reducing SOFC operating temperature, adjustment of steam: carbon ratio, and use of alternate anode catalysts. Among these, the use of alternate anodes is a promising strategy. Apart from the carburization issue, the anode can also undergo sulfur poisoning. The present review discusses carburization and sulfur poisoning issues and the different strategies that can be adopted for tackling them. The quintessence of this review is to provide greater insight into the various developments in hydrocarbon compatible anode catalysts and into the synthesis routes employed for the synthesis of hydrocarbon compatible anodes.

Ion Source—Thermal and Thermomechanical Simulation

The main purpose of this work is to conduct ground development testing of the ion source intended for use the space debris contactless transportation system. In order to substantiate the operating capability of the developed ion source, its thermal and thermomechanical simulation was carried out. The ion source thermal model should verify the ion source operating capability under thermal loading conditions, and demonstrate the conditions for ion source interfacing with the systems of the service spacecraft with the ion source installed as a payload. The mechanical and mathematical simulation for deformation of the ion source ion-extraction system profiled electrodes under thermal loading in conjunction with the prediction of the strained state based on the numerical simulation of the ion source ion-extraction system units, making it possible to ensure the stability of the ion source performance. Good agreement between the thermal and thermo-mechanical ion source simulation results and experimental data has been demonstrated. It is shown that the developed ion source will be functional in outer space and can be used as an element of the space debris contactless transportation system into graveyard orbits.

Social Media Use as an Enabler of Marketing Evolution in Knowledge-Intensive SMEs

This chapter identifies the operating and dynamic capabilities interactions that are supported by social media use in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), specifically knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). The focus on social media market intelligence accumulation and assimilation as an operating capability which enables dynamic marketing capability development in the SME marketing context, complements the prevalent focus in the literature on SME adoption and use of social media, as well as literature on how dynamic capabilities alter operating capability. The chapter presents a case study of a KIBS SME operating in South East England. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews with key actors and social media data, and thematically analysed. The findings suggest that the company develops absorptive capacity at the operating level by absorbing intelligence through social media use, and this learning is captured and transformed at the marketing planning level as a dynamic capability, reconfiguring future marketing operational capabilities.

OPERATING CASH FLOW ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIAN BANKS

This study assesses the effect of operating cash flow on earnings management of Nigerian Banks. The study adopted Ex post Facto research design. The study used sample of fifteen (15) Nigerian banks from 2010 to 2019. Data for the study was collected from annual reports and accounts of the banks. Regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis with the aid of E-view 9.0. Based on this, the study revealed that operating activities are not statistically significant and have a negative effect on total accruals earnings of Nigerian banks. The study concludes that the importance of risk management activities is aimed at reducing future cash flow. Based on this, the researcher recommended among others that managers should be more likely to opportunistically boost operating cash flows if the firm has a cash flow forecast like engaging in principal financing source for maintaining the operating capability of the entity in terms of repaying loan and making new investment.

Analisis Produksi 99Mo Berbasis Waktu Iradiasi Larutan Uranil Nitrat Pada Fasilitas Reaktor Kartini

Abstrak – Selama ini produksi isotop 99Mo sebagai generator 99mTc untuk diagnosis nuklir dalam bidang kedokteran adalah berbasis metode iradiasi 6-days curie. Pada makalah ini disajikan suatu analisis produksi 99Mo berbasis waktu iradiasi target berupa uranil-nitrat (UN), tanpa harus menunggu 6 hari waktu iradiasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah perhitungan pembentukan radioisotop produk fisi dengan bantuan paket program komputer ORIGEN-2. Perhitungan dilakukan untuk sampel ukuran standar volume 0,395 liter dengan variasi waktu iradiasi dan fluks neutron sesuai dengan fleksibilitas operasi reaktor Kartini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor jam operasi atau waktu iradiasi tidak terlalu signifikan dalam pembentukan 99Mo dibanding faktor variasi fluks neutron. Produksi 99Mo dari sampel standar tersebut pada tingkat fluks neutron maksimum 1012 n/cm2s adalah 1,581 curie, sedangkan total radioaktivitas sampel target UN adalah 168,1 curie.Kata kunci: produksi isotop, 99Mo, iradiasi, target, uranil-nitrat, fluks neutron, reaktor KartiniAbstract – So far, the 99Mo isotope production for nuclear diagnosis in the medical field is based on a 6-days curie method. This paper presents a 99Mo production analysis based on the target irradiation time in the form of uranyl-nitrate (UN), without having to wait 6 days of irradiation time. The method used is the calculation of the formation of fission product radioisotopes with the ORIGEN-2 computer code. Calculations were made for a standard sample with a volume of 0.395 liter with variations in irradiation time and neutron flux in accordance with the operating capability of the Kartini reactor. The results of the analysis show that the operating hour or irradiation time factor is not quite significant in the formation of 99Mo compared to the factor of neutron flux variation. The 99Mo production of the standard sample at a maximum neutron flux level of Kartini reactor of 1012 n/cm2s was 1.581 curies, while the total radioactivity of the UN target sample was 168.1 curies. Key words: isotope production, 99Mo, irradiation, target, uranyl-nitrate, neutron flux, Kartini reactor

Social Media Use as an Enabler of Marketing Evolution in Knowledge-Intensive SMEs

This chapter identifies the operating and dynamic capabilities interactions that are supported by social media use in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), specifically knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). The focus on social media market intelligence accumulation and assimilation as an operating capability which enables dynamic marketing capability development in the SME marketing context, complements the prevalent focus in the literature on SME adoption and use of social media, as well as literature on how dynamic capabilities alter operating capability. The chapter presents a case study of a KIBS SME operating in South East England. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews with key actors and social media data, and thematically analysed. The findings suggest that the company develops absorptive capacity at the operating level by absorbing intelligence through social media use, and this learning is captured and transformed at the marketing planning level as a dynamic capability, reconfiguring future marketing operational capabilities.