CLEAN GREEN PAKISTAN MOVEMENT: A WAY TO COMBAT THE CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change has brought some challenges for the governments in the world. Different governments in the world have adopted different policies to face the challenges of climate change. Pakistan is one of most affected nations by climate change and it has launched a complete program in the clean and green Pakistan movement to counter these challenges. This is a borderless issue and needed collective response along with the specific one to combat these challenges. It is the matter of fact that Pakistan is a developing nation with limited resources to combat the huge challenges of climate change. Imran Khan as head of his political party PTI introduced programs like the Billion tree tsunami in KPK in 2014 and later on won the general elections of 2018 launched a ten billion tree tsunami campaign and soon after made it part of the Clean Green Pakistan Movement. This study focuses on the climate change effects on Pakistan and examines the Clean Green Pakistan movement to counter the challenges of climate change in Pakistan.

Ten years of Educational Robotics in a Primary School

Many researchers and teachers agree that the inclusion of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in early education provides strong motivation and greatly improves the speed of learning. Most primary school curricula include a number of concepts that cover science and mathematics, but less effort is placed in teaching problem-solving, computer science, technology and robotics. The use of robotic systems and the introduction of robotics as a curriculum subject educates children in the basics of technology, and gives them additional human and organizational values. This paper presents a new program introduced in an Italian primary school, thanks to a collaboration with National Instruments and Università Politecnica delle Marche. Specifically, the project’s curricular aim was to improve logic, creativity, and the ability to focus, all of which are lacking in today’s generation of students. The subject of robotics will be part of the primary school’s curriculum for all five years. The program has delivered training to the teachers, and a complete program in which children have demonstrated great learning abilities, not only in technology, but also in collaboration and teamwork.

Analysis of static equilibrium in unilateral transfemoral amputation: a case report

Background: In subjects with transfemoral amputation, mechanical changes are observed due to the dependence of an artificial limb for the support of body weight associated with a loss of musculature of the lower limb, leading to compensatory movements in the hip, pelvis and trunk during gait. Objective: This study aimed to analyze two models of prosthetic feet, articulated and solid ankle cushion hell (SACH), in relation to static balance. Methodology: This is an observational and interventional case study, with a quanti-qualitative character of a transfemoral amputee. The adapted Romberg test and the evaluation with the baropometer were used. This study was approved by the research ethics committee of the South Minas Foundation’s teaching and research foundation - FEPESMIG and approved according to the number of protocol 1,826,838 and CAAE 61766416.9.0000.5111. Results: Data from the evaluation of baropodometry associated with the Romberg test for the articulated foot showed a pressure of ± 50.0%, anterior quadrant pressure of 20%, posterior quadrant pressure of ± 30.0%, a posterior quadrant distribution of ± 60.0% and an anterior quadrant distribution of ± 40.0%. On the other hand, the SACH foot data showed a pressure of 50%, anterior quadrant pressure of ± 20.0%, posterior quadrant pressure of ± 30.0%, a posterior quadrant distribution of ± 60.0%, and anterior quadrant distribution of ± 40.0%. Conclusion: The choice of foot type should take into account the individuality of the patient, as well as the application of a complete program of intervention in physiotherapy.

Does teaching methodology affect medication dosage calculation skills of undergraduate nursing students?

One of the most critical functions of a nurse is the safe administration of medications. To ensure patient safety, nurses must be competent in medication dosage calculation (MDC) skills. It is imperative that nursing educators discover the most effective teaching methodology to ensure the greatest level of competency in MDC skills. The purpose of this causal-comparative quantitative study was to compare the effects of two teaching methodologies on senior-level nursing students’ completion of program MDC requirements, mathematics self-efficacy, and MDC competency at program end. The sample consisted of 94 senior-level bachelor’s degree nursing students from a southeastern United States university in the spring of 2015. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire, Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), and MDC competency exam. Participants were assigned to one of two groups based on whether the participants completed MDC education in a stand-alone course or throughout the curriculum through self-learning modules. Chi-square and independent t-test results indicated that there were no statistical differences between the two groups (stand-alone course vs. self-learning modules) and ability to complete program MDC requirements, MSES scores, and MDC competency exam scores at program end. Data analysis using Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests indicated a statistically significant, but weak, correlation between MSES scores and MDC competency exam scores. Findings from this study indicate teaching MDC to nursing students using a stand-alone course versus self-learning modules produces the same results in the students’ ability to complete program MDC requirements, mathematics self-efficacy, and MDC competency at program end.

Program units and procedures

A description of how a complete program is built from a main program and, optionally, subroutines and functions, some or all of which may be packaged into modules. They may themselves contain internal subroutines and functions. The methods by which information is transmitted between these components via arguments, host association, and use association are described. The concepts of scope and recursion are introduced.

Herstal Viaducts, Complete Program of Refurbishment, Strengthening and Upgrading of Existing Structures

Since the 60’s, the structures of Herstal Viaducts have suffered from a dysfunction of expansion joints, drainage system and been exposed to a high level of corrosion. On top, existing road layout, without shoulders and insertion/deceleration lanes at connection to existing junctions, lead to an unsatisfactory level of safety. During 2012, Belgian road directorate (S.P.W.) has developed and implemented an extensive inspection plan and design program to assess the existing structures. An important public works contract has been awarded early 2014 to refurbish, strengthen and upgrade the existing viaducts.