CLEAN GREEN PAKISTAN MOVEMENT: A WAY TO COMBAT THE CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change has brought some challenges for the governments in the world. Different governments in the world have adopted different policies to face the challenges of climate change. Pakistan is one of most affected nations by climate change and it has launched a complete program in the clean and green Pakistan movement to counter these challenges. This is a borderless issue and needed collective response along with the specific one to combat these challenges. It is the matter of fact that Pakistan is a developing nation with limited resources to combat the huge challenges of climate change. Imran Khan as head of his political party PTI introduced programs like the Billion tree tsunami in KPK in 2014 and later on won the general elections of 2018 launched a ten billion tree tsunami campaign and soon after made it part of the Clean Green Pakistan Movement. This study focuses on the climate change effects on Pakistan and examines the Clean Green Pakistan movement to counter the challenges of climate change in Pakistan.

COVID-19 transmissibility: lockdown a forced agenda or need of hour?

Background: A corona virus identified in 2019, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic of respiratory illness, called COVID-19. COVID-19 has been cited responsible for over more than four million deaths across the world. Consequentially, COVID-19 had resulted in various residual health problems in infected individuals during the illness period and in some even after the recovery.Methods:A cross-sectional survey having 10-item questionnaire was developed using Google forms. The questionnaire was made available to the participants through all available social networking platforms such as email, WhatsApp etc. according to the suitability of the participant. Data were collected and entered in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, cleaned for errors and analysed using Epi-info version 7.2.1.0 software.Results: The study found that majority of people agreed to the implementation of lockdown and only 6.1% said that lockdown should not be implemented. Among those who agreed to the implementation of lockdown, 50.2% had opined that the lockdown should be implemented only based on the number of cases in the individual state.Conclusions:India, still as a developing nation has giant leaps to take to clear through this pandemic crisis. This study concludes that the general population was clear about the essentiality of the lockdown however a segment of the population had the implications in a way that was affecting their livelihood hence acutely changing their perception otherwise.

How Entrepreneurship Sustains Barriers in the Entrepreneurial Process—A Lesson from a Developing Nation

The aim of this study is to explore how entrepreneurship sustains the barriers in the entrepreneurial process in a developing country like Pakistan. To reach these findings, a qualitative approach was used in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with young entrepreneurs in the region of Hyderabad, Pakistan. After collecting data, thematic analysis was conducted. The findings of the study in the form of final themes suggest that trust issues, family barriers, financial issues, gender issues, educational barriers, corruption, and legal barriers are among the challenges which trigger changes in the entrepreneurial process and its sustainability. This study provides implications for the regional government, academic institutes, financial institutes, entrepreneurs, and society at large when developing a support system and promoting a sustainable entrepreneurial environment by minimizing these challenges and suggestions for an entrepreneurial focus on sustainable entrepreneurship.

THE ECONOMIC MODEL OF IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF YOUTH POLICY IN KAZAKHSTAN

Молодежь – наиболее мобильная и восприимчивая социальная группа имеет большое значение для развития любого государства мира и общества в целом, поскольку именно от данной категории населения напрямую зависит вектор их развития страны в ближайшей перспективе. Казахстанцы сегодня это весьма молодая и динамично развивающаяся нация, поскольку практически каждый второй житель в стране моложе 30 лет. При этом непосредственно с уровнем развития молодежи Казахстана, ее интеграцией в общество и мировое пространство, в полной мере, связано будущее страны, фундаментальные основы которого закладываются именно в настоящем. В связи с этим, деятельность любого государства мира играет весьма важную функцию в выработке и дальнейшей реализации молодежной политики. При этом, неоспорим тот факт, что молодежная политика не может быть статичной, она изменяется в процессе своего жизненного цикла под влиянием внешних и внутренних условий. В рамках данной статьи рассмотрены основные теоретические и практические аспекты применимых сегодня в мире моделей формирования и развития государственной молодежной политики. Обозначены подходы разных авторов к типизации молодежных политик, выделению их ключевых особенностей и сущностных черт. Автором разработана и представлена графически «Интегрированная экономическая модель формирования, реализации и совершенствования молодежной политики», которая основана на инструментарии разных современных моделей ГМП. Young people – the most mobile and receptive social group is of great importance for the development of any state in the world and society as a whole, since the vector of their country's development in the near future directly depends on this category of the population. Today, Kazakhstanis are a very young and dynamically developing nation, since almost every second resident in the country is younger than 30 years old. At the same time, the future of the country is fully connected directly with the level of development of the youth of Kazakhstan, its integration into society and the world space, the fundamental foundations of which are laid in the present. In this regard, the activity of any state in the world plays a very important function in the development and further implementation of youth policy. At the same time, it is undeniable that youth policy cannot be static, it changes in the course of its life cycle under the influence of external and internal conditions. Within the framework of this article, the main theoretical and practical aspects of the models of the formation and development of state youth policy that are applicable in the world today are considered. The approaches of different authors to the typification of youth policies, highlighting their key features and essential features are outlined. The author has developed and presented graphically "An integrated model of the formation, implementation and improvement of youth policy", which is based on the toolkit of various modern GMP models.

Exploring the Current Practices and Future Needs of Marine Engineering Education in Bangladesh

Developing countries, despite being the major suppliers of maritime manpower, lag in their future-proof competence development. This study explores whether the current maritime education and training (MET) practices for marine engineering education in a developing nation are perceived as sufficient by the early-stage marine engineers. The current competence requirements set by the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW’74 as amended) are compared and contrasted against the current MET practices as well as the future needs for remotely controlled autonomous ship operations. Bangladesh, a maritime nation in the Southeast Asia region was selected as a developing nation for this study. An online survey was conducted among early-stage professional marine engineers. The analysis of 62 valid responses revealed that current MET practices are significantly perceived to be satisfactory for acquiring non-technical competencies, such as being proficient in the English language, but are less satisfactory for instilling technical competencies such as of electrical and electronics, knowledge regarding seaworthiness of ships, as well as medical first aid. In addition, the findings highlight the perceived gaps in existing marine engineering education as well as the need for future studies focused on re-training the future maritime workforce that could potentially improve MET strategies and practices in the developing nations.

Exploration of dissonance segments among fashion apparel consumers: Evidence from a developing nation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the existence and profile consumer segments based on dissonance in Indian apparel fashion retail market.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on cognitive dissonance theory (CDT) and analyses data using cluster and discriminant analysis on a sample (n = 354) from India.FindingsThe findings revealed three dissonance segments among consumers based on the intensity of dissonance experienced. This study also validated the clusters and profiled each segment. In doing so, the three clusters exhibited unique differences with respect to purchase and socio-demographic characteristics. Moreover, high dissonance segments were found to inversely impact customer’s satisfaction, loyalty and overall perceived value and positively impact tendency to switch.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the existence of cognitive dissonance (CD) patterns among consumers is critical for fashion apparel retailers. This paper offers unique insights into the specialties of each dissonance segment that assists the marketers to frame appropriate strategies to target them.Originality/valueThis paper advances knowledge on consumer behavior by highlighting the significance of CD.

India’s Renaissance: Leadership in Every Sphere on the International Stage

In the human history man was gregarious. So the groups of people fought each other for control over the lands and nature. So when the centuries passed kingdoms tried to control there never kingdoms and succeed in some extent. On this account empire obtained taxes from princely states. In this regard Greeks tried to expert their kingdom till the ends of the world. On this account the Greek warrior son of the Philip of Macedonia Alexander The Great conquered the entire world and controlled politically with his leadership. Later on Romans extended their kingdom and ruled for some centuries under the leadership of Antonio and Julius Ceasor. In the course of time European navigators discovered the new lands of the entire world. So Dutch people, French people, Porchuguice people and English people competed with one another to control over the geographical territories and natural recourses. They also asserted their power over the lands. At last queen’s English army could have control over many colonies in the world. So many centuries they ruled and drove the wealth of the nations to England in the name of the trade and “civilizing the uncivilized eastern lands”. In the post independent era India is considered as the developing nation in the world and in the post modern era India leads the world in field and became a leader to the world. So the preset investigation is on India’s leadership in the world and its achievements. The major focus is on the political leadership of India in the world.