Assessing cyclists’ routing preferences by analyzing extensive user setting data from a bike-routing engine

Introduction Many municipalities aim to support the uptake of cycling as an environmentally friendly and healthy mode of transport. It is therefore crucial to meet the demand of cyclists when adapting road infrastructure. Previous studies researching cyclists’ route choice behavior deliver valuable insights but are constrained by laboratory conditions, limitations in the number of observations, or the observation period or relay on specific use cases. Methods The present study analyzes a dataset of over 450,000 observations of cyclists’ routing settings for the navigation of individual trips in Berlin, Germany. It therefore analyzes query data recorded in the bike-routing engine BBBike and clusters the many different user settings with regard to preferred route characteristics. Results and Conclusion Results condense the large number of routing settings into characteristic preference clusters. Compared with earlier findings, the big data approach highlights the significance of short routes, side streets and the importance of high-quality surfaces for routing choices, while cycling on dedicated facilities seems a little less important. Consequentially, providing separated cycle facilities along main roads – often the main focal point of cycle plans – should be put into the context of an integrated strategy which fulfills distinct preferences to achieve greater success. It is therefore particularly important to provide a cycle network in calm residential streets as well as catering for short, direct cycle routes.

Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle for Nuclear Engineering

Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle is attracting increasing attention in various energy conversion systems due to its high cycle efficiency and high compactness. This chapter performs a review about the application of supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle in nuclear engineering. The different cycle layouts developed from the original direct Brayton cycle are presented, in which the recompression cycle is the most typical layout. The thermodynamic analysis approach is discussed for the direct cycle and recompression cycle. Moreover, the key facilities, including heat transfer, compressor, and turbine, are outlined for the application of Brayton cycle in nuclear engineering.

Control System Design of Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor

The Supercritical CO2 Direct Cycle Gas Fast Reactor (SC-GFR) is a Generation IV reactor. The thermal properties of supercritical carbon dioxide are different from helium gas. Therefore, it is necessary to develop its dynamic model and study its control system. A mathematical model is developed for the SC-GFR. One prompt neutron group point kinetics equations with six groups of delayed neutrons is applied in the model. The core consists of an assembly of hexagonal fuel elements: the innovative Tube-in-Duct (TID) fuel assembly. Steady-state calculation is performed and the results are compared with the design data. The transient results are analyzed and the responses are reasonable in theory. The transient results show that the model can properly predict the SC-GFR dynamics. The study showed that it is not only feasible to build a numerical model of the SC-GFR, but also the control system can satisfy the design purposes.

Direct cycle between co-product and reactant: an approach to improve the atom economy and its application in the synthesis and protection of primary amines

Recoverable 3,4-diphenylmaleic anhydride for the atom-economical synthesis and protection of primary amines.

Helminth fauna of Astyanax fasciatus Cuvier, 1819, in two distinct sites of the Taquari River, São Paulo State, Brazil

This study assessed the helminth fauna of Astyanax fasciatus in two distinct sites of the Taquari River, São Paulo State, with 30 individuals sampled in a lotic site and 30 in a lentic site, recording the monogeneans: Cacatuocotyle paranaensis, Characithecium costaricensis, Diaphorocleidus kabatai, Jainus sp., Notozothecium sp. and Gyrodactylus sp., the digenean Antorchis lintoni and no-identified metacercariae; the nematode Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and no-identified larvae. The mean abundances of total monogeneans (U = 1053; p = 0.042) and C. costaricensis (U = 1107; p = 0.005) were higher in the lotic site. This difference may be due to the higher density of the host population in the lotic site, and the water transparence in lentic environments that prevents A. fasciatus to form shoals, precluding the exchange of parasites with direct cycle within a host population. This study is the first report of the helminth fauna of A. fasciatus in the Taquari River, with ten taxa recorded, and reports A. fasciatus as a new host for Notozothecium sp. and C. paranaensis.