Optoelectronic Properties of Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films Deposited by Thermal Evaporation Technique

The substrate temperature in depositions of thin films plays a vital role in the characteristics of deposited films. We studied few characteristics of cadmium sulphide thin film deposited at different temperature (150°C-300°C) on corning 7059 glass substrate. We measured transmittance, absorbance, band gap and reflectance via UV spectroscopy. It was found that the transmittance for 300nm to 1100nm was greater than 80%. The resistivity and mobility was calculated by Vander Pauw method which were 10-80 cm and 2-60 cm2V-1S-1 respectively. The thermoelectric properties of the film were measured by hot and cold probe method which shows the N-type nature of the film.

THE SIZE EFFECT OF A LANGMUIR PROBE INTO FLOWING THERMAL PLASMAS

The thermal plasma conditions under a practical use could be affected by the insertion of a solid, cold probe severely. In this study, we calculated flowing thermal plasmas with two different sizes of a Langmuir probe into an argon free burning arc system and investigated the thermal and flow disturbances caused by the metallic probe. From the results, the severe disturbance of a large part of the thermal plasma, especially the axial velocity field, by the inserted probe has been found. Therefore, it might be a practical solution to use a Langmuir probe which has sufficiently small diameter for avoiding such a severe disturbance.

Heart rate perturbation in chick embryos: a comparison of two methods

This report compares the effects of two methods of heart rate (HR) perturbation on stroke volume and dorsal aortic flow in the Hamburger-Hamilton stage 24 chick embryo. The sinus venosus was paced at intrinsic HR and at 150, 125, 75, and 50% of intrinsic HR (n = 23). Alternatively, a 1-mm steel probe heated to increase and cooled to decrease HR was applied to the sinus venosus (n = 15). All studies were performed in ovo at 37–38 degrees C. Aortic flow (mm3/S) and stroke volume (mm3/beat) were calculated from aortic velocity, aortic cross-sectional area, and HR. Atrioventricular (AV) inflow velocities were measured during pacing (n = 10) or probe application (n = 11) technique. Dorsal aortic flow was maximum at intrinsic HR and decreased at both increased and decreased HR. Stroke volume decreased proportionally to HR during rate increase. At decreased HR, when AV synchrony was disrupted (pacing), stroke volume was unchanged from intrinsic values. However, when AV synchrony was maintained at decreased HR (cold probe), the embryonic ventricle significantly increased stroke volume.