Sustainable Rigid Polyurethane Foam from Wasted Palm Oil and Water Hyacinth Fiber Composite—A Green Sound-Absorbing Material

A novel rigid sound-absorbing material made from used palm oil-based polyurethane foam (PUF) and water hyacinth fiber (WHF) composite was developed in this research. The NCO index was set at 100, while the WHF content was set at 1%wt with mesh sizes ranging from 80 to 20. The mechanical properties, the morphology, the flammability, and the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of the PUF composite were all investigated. When the WHF size was reduced from 80 to 20, the compression strength of the PUF increased from 0.33 to 0.47 N/mm2. Furthermore, the use of small fiber size resulted in a smaller pore size of the PUF composite and improved the sound absorption and flammability. A feasible sound-absorbing material was a PUF composite with a WHF mesh size of 80 and an SAC value of 0.92. As a result, PUF derived from both water hyacinth and used palm oil could be a promising green alternative material for sound-absorbing applications.

Embedding Bio-Filler Materials to Enhance Physical-Mechanical-Thermal Properties of Concrete

At present, waste generation is fast-growing around the world due to the increasing of population. Therefore, recycling end-of life materials for sustainable and cleaner production is becoming a major target worldwide. The recycling waste materials is trend toward for many industries to reduce both the consumption of natural resources and the cost of products while protecting the environment from the harmful effects of waste materials. Adding water hyacinth fiber, banana fiber and eggshell powder can increase physical-mechanical-thermal properties of concrete. Concrete with/without adding 0, 0.02 and 0.05 wt% bio-filler via hydration reaction affects to good physical-mechanical-thermal properties. Especially adding 0.05 wt% eggshell powder into concrete has the highest compressive strength (22.08 ± 0.66 MPa) and lowest water absorption (1.62 ± 0.16 %) better than those of concrete without adding bio-filler. Furthermore, adding 0.05 wt% water hyacinth fiber affects to obtain the highest tensile strength equal to 187.63 ± 28.45 MPa. The obtained concrete added bio-filler samples have potential to be used as a good insulation material and building material due to low density, low water absorption, low price, good mechanical and thermal insulation.

Eco-Friendly Preparation of Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Water Hyacinth Using NaOH/Urea Pretreatment

In this work, we described an effective approach to prepare nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with cellulose II structure under mild condition. Firstly, the water hyacinth (WH) was subjected to a series of a two-step chemical treatment, NaOH/urea pretreatment, and mechanical defibrillation at different defibrillation times. After that, raw water hyacinth fiber (RWF), bleached water hyacinth fiber (BWF), NaOH/urea pretreated water hyacinth fiber (PWF), and the resulting NFC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as well as rheological measurements. It was found that RWF and BWF exhibited cellulose I crystal structure, whereas PWF and the obtained NFC possessed cellulose II crystal structure. FTIR analysis confirmed the evidence that no other chemical reactions preferentially occurred during both NaOH/urea pretreatment and mechanical defibrillation. As evidenced by rheological properties analysis, the NFC aqueous suspension with a gel-like structure demonstrated a shear-thinning behavior. The obtained NFC could potentially be utilized as a reinforcement for polymeric composites.

KAJIAN BAHAN TAMBAH ATERNATIF SERAT ECENG GONDOK TERHADAP CAMPURAN LATASIR SAND SHEET KELAS A SPESIFIKASI SEKSI-6 2010 BINA MARGA

Asphalt sand layer (Latasir) is a layer of road construction consisting of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, fillers and hard asphalt, which are mixed, spread, and compacted in hot conditions at certain temperatures. In this study is the use of water hyacinth fiber in a mixture of thin layer sand sheet sand grade grade A. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of making test specimens with ingredients added to water hyacinth fiber and the process of testing specimens with ingredients added to water hyacinth fiber. The test was carried out by adding water hyacinth fibers in the sand sheet class A latasir mixture. And with the addition of water hyacinth fiber variations of 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% taken from asphalt content. The final result of this research was Marshall evaluation which was obtained for the effect of the addition of water hyacinth cellulose fiber in this study showed an increase in Marshall stability value of 27.29% with a mixture of 1.2% water hyacinth, plastic fatigue (Flow) decreased by -23 , 89% with a mixture of 0.9% water hyacinth, cavity filled in the mixture (Void in the Mix) increased by 18.65% with a mixture of 1.2% water hyacinth, cavity filled with asphalt (Void Filled With Asphalt) decreased by -8.74% with a mixture of 1.2% water hyacinth, cavity in aggregate (Void In Mineral Aggregate) increased by 7.80% with a mixture of 1.2% water hyacinth, and Marshall Quotient increased by 71.78% with a mixture of 0.9% water hyacinth. These results indicate that water hyacinth fiber can be used as an ingredient to add a mixture of latasir sand sheet class A specifications of clan development. Keywords: sand sheet class A sandflies, Marshall Test Index, water hyacinth fiber, stability, flow, Marshall Quotient.