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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Durner ◽  
Wout Boerdijk ◽  
Martin Sundermeyer ◽  
Werner Friedl ◽  
Zoltan-Csaba Marton ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Sinclair ◽  
Glenn Orton ◽  
Meera Krishnamoorty ◽  
Leigh Fletcher ◽  
Joseph Hora ◽  
...  

<p>We present Earth-based observations of Jupiter from 1994 and 2009, which respectively capture the effects on Jupiter’s atmosphere by the impacts of Comet D/Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) and the impact by an unknown object whose visible impression on Jupiter’s appearance was discovered by Anthony Wesley.  Previous studies have suggested the 2009 impactor was by an asteroid on the basis of differences in Jupiter’s atmospheric response compared to the 1994 impact by SL9.  These differences include detections of 9.1-μm silicate features in the 2009 impact site (Orton et al., 2010, Icarus 211, 587-602) and the fact the 2009 debris field shrank faster (Hammel et al., 2010, ApJL 715, L150-L154), both of which suggest the 2009 impactor was more rocky/refractory in composition.  However, Schenk <em>et al.</em> 2004 (Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere, Bagenal, Dowling, McKinnon, 427-456) state that comets are orders of magnitude more likely to impact Jupiter than asteroids since Jupiter should have cleared its orbit a long time ago. Thus, either (1) the 2009 impact was caused by an asteroid and therefore a statistical fluke, (2) Jupiter-Family Comets (JFCs) are a highly heterogeneous population, with some containing rocky/refractory interiors hidden from remote-sensing, or (3) there is a population of asteroids among bodies classified as JFCs. In order to explore these hypotheses, we performed a comparative spectral re-analysis of broadband imaging and low-resolution spectra measured during/after the 1994 and 2009 impacts. The comparison used consistent procedures for reduction and calibration of the data, atmospheric models, radiative-transfer software and spectroscopic line data in order to facilitate direct comparisons between 1994 and 2009 events.  </p>


Author(s):  
Andrey V. Kolesnikov ◽  

To develop a strategy for building the Union State of Russia and Belarus’ better future, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms and identify the main causes that govern the dynamics of this complex and specifi c social system. As the main factor determining the social dynamics of a given civilization cluster, we consider the competition of two basic sociotypes. They are conditionally designated as a molecular man and a space man. A molecular person is a consumer whose social behavior is based on the power of the selfi sh gene and consumer society’s ideals. A space person is passionate, driven by the creative imperative of cognition and synthesis of culture. In our opinion, it is this fundamental confl ict that forms the social dynamics of the civilization cluster of the Union State. The scenario of its future development will depend on the resolution of this confl ict. In order to better understand this process, we have developed a cellular-automate computer model of competition between the two sociotypes in the framework of a unifi ed social system. This computer model can be considered as a simplifi ed cognitive proto-construct of the social system dynamics. By examining it, one can transfer the properties and features of its behavior to an unknown object under study - a society.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Dhanasekar.J, Sengottuvel. P

Modern day robotics aims at bringing precision and motor dexterity of humans to machines. Many scientists are working on mimicking the attributes of a human in order to grasp different object. Initially, the robots were preprogrammed to hold different object but this method is not as effective against a novel object because the image of a novel object does not match with the pre-stored program data. Hence end effector will not be able to pick up the object or it may get damaged. In this paper, a new method is discussed on the dimension and the center of mass. The robot automatically calculates the grasping point and finds the suitable pose of the gripper to grasp the desired object. This proposed work of robot simulation is achieved using MATLAB 8.2 and Creo parametric 2.0. The robot model designed using Creo is fed as input into the MATLAB to generate control signals for the robot to grasp novel objects. By this the robot will automatically grasp a new unknown object by comparing the database already created and be able to handle the object dynamically.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Ewa Jastrzębska ◽  
Joanna Sadowska ◽  
Elżbieta Wnuk-Pawlak ◽  
Monika Różańska-Boczula ◽  
Iwona Janczarek

This study aimed at assessing the behaviour of Konik geldings and mares, kept in a stable and in a free-range system, during behavioural tests regarded as a determinant of the exploration urge. A total of 19 Konik horses kept in individual stables and in a free-range system were included in the study. The experiment was conducted in five phases separated by five-day breaks. A one-stage passive human test was performed during the first phase, a three-stage active human test—2nd phase, a three-stage unknown object test—3rd phase, a two-stage unknown surface test—4th phase, and a one-stage test of social isolation—5th phase. Ten attributes were analysed, including the horse sex and the keeping system. The results were also correlated with one another. Konik horses were found to show the urge to explore, although their behavioural responses are individual and stimulus dependent. In many cases, the horse sex and the keeping system influence the exploratory behaviour, although it is manifested by a greater intensity in geldings than in mares, and in free-range horses than in those kept in a stable. The study is regarded as preliminary due to the small number of horses in the study groups.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingze He ◽  
Ganjigunte Iyer ◽  
Shaurya Aarav ◽  
Sai Sunku ◽  
Alexander Giles ◽  
...  

Abstract The hyperbolic phonon polaritons supported in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) exhibiting long scattering lifetimes are advantageous for applications like super-resolution imaging via hyperlensing. Yet, challenges exist in hyperlens imaging to distinguish individual and closely spaced objects and in correlating the complicated hyperlens fields with the structure of an unknown object underneath the hyperbolic material. Here, we make significant strides to overcome each of these three challenges. For the first two, we demonstrate that monoisotopic h11BN (> 99% 11B) provides the ability to experimentally resolve structures as small as 40-nm and those with sub-25-nm spacings, inferring at least 154- and 270- times smaller than free-space wavelength, showing improvements in spatial resolution. We also present an image reconstruction algorithm that provides a structurally accurate, visual representation of the embedded objects using only the hyperbolic dielectric function and thickness as input parameters. Further, we offer additional insights into the frequency dependence for realizing optimal hyperlens performance. Thus, our results significantly advance label-free, high-resolution, spectrally selective hyperlens imaging and image reconstruction methodologies.


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