Upper Body of Dynamic Sweat Distributions in Young Males Wearing Fully Encapsulating Chemical Protective Ensembles

Fully encapsulating chemical protective ensembles (FCPE) has characteristic of impermeability, which may affect people’s sweat, accordingly influences clothing thermal-wet comfort. This study investigated upper-body dynamic sweat distribution in young males wearing FCPE, and evaluating changes in sweat rates both intra-region and inter-time. Participants were 10 healthy young male college students, aged 23.1\(\pm\)0.8 years. In a climatic chamber (environment temperature 35 ℃, relative humidity 60%), participants exercised on a treadmill at 4 km/h, 5%. A set of absorbent pads with 35 pads was used to collect sweat. Participants change a new set of absorbent pads every 5 minutes until trial stopped. Seven sets of pads were obtained. Average sweat rate of every 5 minutes is 389, 631, 920, 1137, 1100, 1211 and 1105 g.m−2.h−1, respectively. The top five high sweat rates were observed at the medial upper back, lateral lower back, medial upper chest, medial mid back and lateral top back, with average values 1406,1278,1198,1181 and 1139 g·m−2·h−1, respectively. The lower sweat rates were observed at waist (with average values 557, 370, 596 and 332 g·m−2·h−1, respectively) and bottom zones (with average values 373, 398, 661 and 849 g·m−2·h−1, respectively). Wearing FCPE greatly promoted body profuse sweating. Based on the distribution result, upper body can be divided into three levels of sweat rate zones, which could be used to improve clothing comfort. The present study provides basic physiological data and guidance for personal protective clothing design.

Effect of Liquid Absorbent Pads and Packaging Parameters on Drip Loss and Quality of Chicken Breast Fillets

Visible liquid inside food packages is perceived as unattractive to consumers, and may result in food waste—a significant factor that can compromise sustainability in food value chains. However, an absorber with overdimensioned capacity may cause alterations in texture and a dryer product, which in turn may affect consumers’ satisfaction and repurchase. In this study we compared the effect of a number of liquid absorbent pads in combination with headspace gas composition (60% CO2/40% N2 and 75% O2/25% CO2) and gas-to-product volume ratio (g/p) on drip loss and quality of fresh chicken breast fillets. A significant increase in drip loss with an increasing number of liquid absorbent pads was documented. The increase was more pronounced in 60% CO2/40% N2 compared to 75% O2/25% CO2. By comparing packaging variants with a different number of liquid absorbent pads, a higher drip loss for all tested was found at g/p 1.8 compared to g/p 2.9. Total viable counts (TVC) were independent of whether there was free liquid in contact with the product, and TVC was independent of gas composition. Differentiation between the gas compositions was seen for specific bacterial analyses. While significant changes were observed using texture analysis, sensory evaluation of the chicken breast fillets did not show any negative effect in texture related attributes. This study demonstrates the importance of optimized control of meat drip loss, as product-adjusted liquid absorption may affect economy, food quality, and consumer satisfaction, as well as food waste.

Experience of application of the method of high-intensity focused electromagnetic therapy in the complex treatment of stress urine continuity in women

Background. The article presents the results of applying the method of high-intensity focused electromagnetic therapy in the complex treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. Aim. To study and scientifically use the method of high-intensity focused electromagnetic therapy in the complex treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. Research Objective: To study the effect of high-intensity focused electromagnetic therapy on the manifestations of urinary incontinence by assessing the ability of urinary retention (by the number of absorbent pads used) and quality of life according to the questionnaire of the International Council of Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ-SF) in women with stress urinary incontinence. Methods. The study included 40 women whose average age was 53.6 4.8 years with stress incontinence; the disease duration was 5.6 1.1 years, which were divided into 2 groups comparable by clinical and functional characteristics, the main 20 patients who underwent a course of WIFEM therapy, consisting of 67 procedures, which were carried out 23 once a week, the duration of each procedure was 28 minutes and the control ― 20 patients who underwent a course of exercises according to Kegel, daily, for a course of 20 lessons. Results. As a result of the study, it was shown that high-intensity focused electromagnetic therapy has a pronounced myostimulating effect on the pelvic floor muscles in women with stress urinary incontinence, which helps to strengthen control over urinary retention, a significant reduction and even complete disappearance of symptoms of urinary incontinence, and an increase in the psycho-emotional background and quality of life in general, as evidenced by a test to determine the amount of absorbent pads used and questionnaire data and for urinary incontinence (ICIQ-SF). Conclusion. High-intensity focused electromagnetic therapy has a pronounced myostimulating effect on the pelvic floor muscles in women with stress urinary incontinence, which contributes to increased control over urinary retention, a significant decrease or even complete disappearance of symptoms of incontinence, as well as an increase in psycho-emotional background and quality of life in general.

Are absorbent pads suitable alternatives for tattoo dressing?

Background: Tattoo is a form of body modification that involves injecting ink underneath the epidermis using a needle. According to BC’s Guidelines for Personal Services Establishments this kind of invasive procedure will require wound dressing but the kind and sterility of the wound dressing has not been specified. During a tattoo convention an Environmental Health Officer (EHO) noticed that some tattoo artists were using absorbent pads for wound dressing. Absorbent pads are not sterile; therefore there is a concern of microbial infections at the tattoo wounds. This study examined the viability of using absorbent pads, which are non-sterile, as tattoo wound dressings. Method: 3M Quick Swabs were used to swab absorbent pads to collect the microorganisms present on the surface. 3M Petrifilm E. coli/Coliform Count Plates were used to culture E. coli and Coliform which could be present on the SanidermTM sterile tattoo dressing and absorbent pads. The presence of E. coli colonies on the petrifilm would show up as blue dots, while coliform colonies would be red dots. The total colony forming units (CFU), which include both E. coli and coliform colonies, were counted to assess the general sanitation conditions of both types of dressing. Results: Zero CFU were found from sampling the SanidermTM dressings and absorbent pads purchased from tattoo supply shops within Metro Vancouver. Conclusions: In the field of Environmental Health, coliform is often used as an indicator for the degree of sanitary quality; while E. coli is used as an indicator for fecal contamination. Therefore, the results of this study, indicated that the absorbent pads have high degree sanitation and are free from fecal contamination.