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Author(s):  
Iain MacNeil ◽  
Irene-marié Esser

AbstractESG investing evolved over time from the earlier concept of CSR. The process of evolution moved the focus from the external impact of corporate activities to the risk and return implications for financial investors of failing to address ESG issues in their portfolio selection and corporate engagement. The bridge between the two approaches was the framing of sustainability in the early part of the millennium as an overarching concept that could be mapped onto the supply of capital and the techniques employed by institutional investors. The financial model of ESG investing is now the standard approach around the world and is reflected in ESG ratings, codes, guidance and regulatory rules. It focuses on the role of capital and investors in driving change in sustainability practices and pays much less attention to the role of board decision-making and directors’ fiduciary duties. In this research, we trace the origins and trajectory of this change in emphasis from CSR to ESG and attempt to explain why it occurred. We identify shortcomings in the financial model of ESG investing and propose an alternative ‘entity’ model, which we argue would more effectively promote sustainability in the corporate sector around the world.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
Mikhail А. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
Alexander K. Korovin ◽  
Sergey B. Savilkin ◽  
Andrey V. Sukhov ◽  
...  

The paper discusses a mathematical model of the functioning of communication spacecraft, using systems of differential equations for translational and rotational motion, as well as the process of distributing problems in a constellation of three satellites. The model is implemented by means of the python 3.6 language and the computational method library numpy1.19. A series of computational experiments was carried out in order to estimate the energy costs for the operation of grouping with various orbital parameters and external impact models. The presented results of the experiments suggest the possibility of increasing the life of spacecraft by improving the operating system.


Author(s):  
Вадим Викторович Малашенко ◽  
Татьяна Ивановна Малашенко

Теоретически проанализирована высокоскоростная деформация сплавов, содержащих зоны Гинье-Престона, в условиях высокоэнергетических внешних воздействий. Анализ выполнен в рамках теории динамического взаимодействия структурных дефектов. Исследуемый механизм диссипации заключается в необратимом переходе энергии внешних воздействий в энергию дислокационных колебаний. Получено аналитическое выражение динамического предела текучести с учетом всех структурных дефектов, содержащихся в сплаве. Показано, что в условиях высокоэнергетических внешних воздействий наноразмерные дефекты влияют на характер зависимости механических свойств от концентрации атомов второго компонента. Зависимость динамического предела текучести от концентрации атомов второго компонента становится немонотонной и имеет минимум. Выполнены численные оценки концентрации, при которой предел текучести становится минимальным. При таком значении концентрации происходит переход от доминирования торможения дислокации зонами Гинье-Престона к доминированию торможения атомами второго компонента. The high strain rate deformation of alloys containing Guinier-Preston zones under high-energy external influences has been theoretically analyzed. The analysis was carried out within the framework of the theory of dynamic interaction of structural defects. The investigated dissipation mechanism consists in the irreversible transfer of energy of an external impact into the energy of dislocation vibrations. An analytical expression for the dynamic yield stress taking into account all structural defects of the alloy has been obtained. It is shown that, under high-energy external influences, nanoscale defects affect the nature of the dependence of mechanical properties on the concentration of atoms of the second component. The dependence of the dynamic yield stress on the atomic concentration of the second component becomes nonmonotonic and has a minimum. Numerical estimates of the concentration corresponding to the minimum yield stress has been made. At this concentration value, a transition occurs from the dominance of the dislocation drag by the Guinier-Preston zones to the dominance of the drag by the atoms of the second component.


Author(s):  
Yuxing Ding ◽  
Ranran Geng ◽  
Ruijian Zhu ◽  
Weimin Zhang ◽  
Weijie Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract In this work, a flexible piezoelectric sensor was fabricated based on PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3(PZT) nanofibers composite, and its potential applications in impact force monitoring and rubber mat aging assessment were reported. The PZT piezoelectric nanofibers with diameters of 150–260nm were prepared via electrospinning technique, showing a high piezoelectric coefficient (d33~92.5 pm/V) for piezoelectric fibers. The PZT nanofibers and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate a highly stretchable and flexible impact sensor (PZT/CNTs/PDMS piezoelectric nanocomposite sensor), which showed excellent low frequency sensitivity(as low as 0.01Hz), high bending deformation sensitivity (as low as 0.192cm-1 curvature deformation with 6.64V/cm-1 sensitivity) and cycle stability under external impact force. Besides, it is the first attempt to assess railway tracks rubber mat aging based on piezoelectric nanocomposite impact sensor, and the static stiffness relative error reaches a low value of 6.91% .


2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Oumou Longley

This article aims to explore how the archival life of Olive Morris might radically rebuff the devaluation of Black womanhood and identity in Britain. Harnessing a Black feminist framework, I approach Lambeth Archives, where the Olive Morris Collection is found as a therapeutic space. Through an understanding of Olive as complex, I disrupt hegemonic expectations of Black women and propose that within the space of this research, Black womanhood be allowed the freedom of self-definition. In a conglomeration of the documents and voices of the community that remembers Olive, marginalised epistemologies are legitimised. Their sometimes-conflicting accounts generate an unbounded image of Olive as a figure of Black British women’s history that harbours meaning as it is mobilised in social consciousness. Incorporating my own auto-ethnographic reflections, I explore the internal and external impact of Olive and my existence in this archival space.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Ekhi Atutxa ◽  
Iñigo Calvo-Sotomayor ◽  
Teresa Laespada

In the context of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Bizkaia (Basque Country, Spain), and from the renewed Commons paradigm, this research analyzes the initial response given by the region’s employment ecosystem. Based on extensive quantitative and qualitative methods, it empirically explores the catalytic role that local public and social entities could play in coordinating an organized and systemic response of the employment-related stakeholders to an external impact, such as the current pandemic. The study of databases specifically provided by the Public Administrations for this research, in combination with two survey processes conducted to the main agents of the ecosystem, led to a greater understanding of the benefits of an organized and systemic reaction. From the community identification of a priori unrecognized impacts by individual actors to the proposal of actions closely connected to their short and long-term needs, the article finally presents recommendations aimed at strengthening the resilience and collaboration of the collective action.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojing Liu ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Chanjuan Liu

This study uses the structure–conduct–performance analytical framework in industrial organization theory to analyze Chinese startups’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) assuming normalization after the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we take the external impact of the pandemic on startups during the pandemic as a starting point for analyzing the changes in the structure of startups and their CSR performance. We find a positive correlation between the pandemic and the performance of startups. We propose that the CSR of startups is not simply altruism but must involve an “altruistic and self-interested” mechanism. Therefore, this study proposes that during the pandemic, startups need to rebuild their CSR model. Furthermore, the company’s “economic man” and “social man” are interdependent; economic, ethical, and legal responsibilities are parallel and charitable responsibilities remain the highest pursuit amid the pandemic. The social responsibility of startups as the COVID-19 pandemic normalizes is a strategic choice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Mr. Fitree Tahe ◽  
Maria Ulfah Siregar

There are many technological developments in banks, one of which is online transactions. To get these transactions, an account should be opened using the electronic know you customer (e-KYC) verification system at banks. This research wants to know the differences in the factors that influence behavioral intentions to use e-KYC to open a bank account for SCB (The Siam Commercial Bank) Thailand and Bank Mandiri Indonesia. This is quantitative research using a survey. We have prepared a questionnaire of 160 respondents: 80 for Bank Mandiri and 80 for SCB. The results indicate that the willingness to use electronic identity verification services influence by the availability of technology, the external impact of the network, safety awareness, perception of trust, and perception of security. The perception of security affects the perception of trust, and technical protection, also the transaction procedure does not affect the perception of trust.


Coral Reefs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Laudien ◽  
Thomas Heran ◽  
Vreni Häussermann ◽  
Günter Försterra ◽  
Gertraud M. Schmidt-Grieb ◽  
...  

AbstractScleractinian corals feature both sessile and mobile stages and diverse modes of development. In some cases, development can be reversed. Examples include polyp detachment in response to environmental stress (bail-out or polyp expulsion) and reverse metamorphosis, where juveniles detach from the primary skeleton and revert to the mobile stage. Here, we provide aquaria and field evidence of a new form of reverse development: polyp dropout in the solitary cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis. It features tissue retraction and detachment of an entire adult polyp from the skeleton in the putative absence of a stressor. The dropout polyp remains viable and continues to live for many weeks, albeit in a rather collapsed state lacking a well-developed hydroskeleton. We carried out a long-term (37 months) rearing experiment under constant aquaria conditions and found polyp dropout in four out of 83 individuals. Detachment was accompanied by the extrusion of mesenterial filaments through perforations in the body wall. We believe this resulted in the loss of the hydroskeleton, which prevented the dropouts to subsequently resettle or form a new skeleton. As opposed to other known forms of reverse development, the new form is not accompanied by reversible metamorphosis, abandonment of the colonial way of life, nor is it a survival or asexual reproduction strategy. We found field indications of polyp dropout in Patagonian field populations of C. huinayensis, where 1.4 ± 0.8% (mean ± SD, N = 9322) of the polyps of the natural population showed partial detachment indicative of imminent dropout in the putative absence of external impact. Polyp dropout is the first record of polyp detachment in a solitary CWC with possible repercussions for adult coral mobility, evolution and Stanley’s (2003) ‘naked coral’ hypothesis.


Author(s):  
JiHyo Moon ◽  
Yunseon Choe ◽  
HakJun Song

The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc in Korean society since the end of 2019. Unlike prior to the pandemic, when online and offline activities were conducted side-by-side, many aspects of consumers’ daily lives are only conducted online, especially shopping and meetings. This study analysed the characteristics of consumers who have used offline shopping channels during the pandemic. In addition, participants were asked how often they will use online and offline shopping channels after society stabilizes from COVID-19 in order to analyse what determinants will be used to select either online or offline shopping channels after the pandemic. This study will contribute to provide a deeper understanding of the consumption patterns of consumers (online vs. offline) during times of deep external impact, such as a pandemic.


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