Особенности формирования фитосанитарной ситуации в посадках цветных сортов картофеля и его продуктивность при различных системах защиты растений

Data were obtained on the peculiarities of the development of black scab on four varieties of colored potatoes (Violet, Purple Majesty, All Red and Rosamaria) when culvaed using chemical and biologized plant protection systems. It is shown, that the development of black scab and its infestation of stolons on varieties grown with the use of chemical plant protetion agents is lower than with the use of biological preparations, respectively, by 2.4-6.5 times and by 4%. The biometric indicators of plants when they were grown using the chemical protection system were slightly higher than those on biologized ones. The individual reaction of varieties to the studied protective techniques was revealed. Among the four studied cultivars, the cultivar All Red stood out, in which the phytosanitary condition of plantings, productivity indicators on both protection systems were similar.

Molecular Structures of the Stem Tuber Anthocyanins of Colored Potatoes and Their Coloring Effects on the Tubers

This paper summarized the important achievements about the general characteristics of the molecular structures of the stem tuber anthocyanins of Colored potatoes and the basic coloring effects of the anthocyanins on the tubers. The various coloration patterns of the skins and/or flesh of Colored potato tubers result from the accumulation of the anthocyanins in the periderms, phelloderms and/or peripheral cortices of the tubers, and the tuber colors are fundamentally determined by the matching profiles of the six naturally occurring anthocyanidins, i.e., cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and petunidin. Generally, the tuber anthocyanidins hold an O-glycosidic bond-linked rutinosyl at the C3 site, and either a glucosyl linked by an O-glycosidic bond or no substituent group may exist at the C5 site simultaneously. Furthermore, an E-monoacyl frequently exists at the C3- rutinosyls or at the C5-glucosyls of most tuber anthocyanins, and the phenolic acids acylating the tuber anthocyanins are often p-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acids. The popular names of the p-coumaric acid derivatives of the malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and petunidin of the tubers are Malvanin, Pelanin, Peonanin and Petanin, respectively. This review provides a reference for the exploration of the mechanism of the tuber coloration and the identification of the molecular structures of the stem tuber anthocyanins of Colored potatoes.