‘Refugees are streaming into Europe’: An image-schema analysis of the Syrian Refugee crisis in the Spanish and British press

By analysing the combination of an apparently neutral water metaphor, ‘flujo de refugiados / (in)migrantes’ and ‘flow of refugees / (im)migrants’, with very specific image schemas, in El País and The Guardian from 2015 to 2016, when the Syrian refugee crisis was at its peak, this study aims at uncovering the conceptualization of the refugees in two European host countries. To this aim, the study contributes to the field of anti-immigration discourse by presenting a comprehensive qualitative analysis of all the image schemas identified in the data (force, path, up-down, container, and balance); a cross-linguistic and corpus-based, quantitative analysis of the different schemas used in the newspapers; and a study based on the left-wing press, intuitively considered to have a more pro-immigration orientation. In short, the analysis reveals how, these highly covert preconceptual structures, used as powerful ideological tools, help to shape public opinion by projecting a very clear refugees as danger frame.

Implicit Counterpoint in Gjerdingen's Schemata

Robert Gjerdingen has claimed that schema finding diverges from contrapuntal pitch reduction, Schenkerian or otherwise. Commentators have criticized his approach (see the reviews by Joel Lester in Journal of Music Theory [1990] and Kofi Agawu in Music Theory Spectrum [1991]) and have discussed intersections between schemata and contrapuntal reduction (see the articles by Folker Froebe and Oliver Schwab-Felisch in Music Theory and Analysis [2014] and by Stefan Rohringer in Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Musiktheorie [2015]). Here I address this conundrum from a different angle: I propose that schema analysis may be approximated by two heuristics, which are closely related to the issue identified in Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff's A Generative Theory of Tonal Music (1983) as finding the head of a time span. By giving the highest priority to tritone resolutions within a metric segment and otherwise realigning consonances with strong beats by removing dissonances, it is possible to approximate the reductive workings of schema analysis. This is demonstrated through a preliminary sample of two hundred tacit reductive decisions from Gjerdingen's Music in the Galant Style. I suggest the possibility that Gjerdingen's locally top-down search for complete patterns interacts with a more bottom-up, implicit reductive process, regardless of the identity of the emergent schema. I also discuss some of the potential implications of the heuristics for theory and analysis as well as for interdisciplinary work on schema finding.

Comprehensive and Clear: A Review of H. Russell Bernard and G.W. Ryan's Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches

In their book Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches, Bernard and Ryan (2010) present a thorough review of qualitative data analysis. Main topic areas include data collection, coding, development of themes, qualitative analysis of words and detailed descriptions of grounded theory, content analysis, and schema analysis. This book is applicable and appropriate for a variety of professionals in the social sciences.

MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN LAHAN KRITIS PADA DAS BRANTAS HULU BERBASIS MASYARAKAT (Pilot Project Desa Bulukerto, Kota Batu)

Management of critical farm base on society represents a new approach to all researcher of environment this time. In management of farm base on this society, society invited directly start from planning, formulation of policy, its benefit collection and execution. With this direct participation enable society can calculate directly impact economical and environment (natural resources conservation), because this two aspect represent two inseparable aspect in doing study management of SDA, because having very important role in supporting efficacy of program of Participatory Action Research (PAR). Pursuant to result of discussion and dig of information of society hence a success main problem identified with society member pursuant to antecedent study (research preliminary) which have been conducted by researcher related to program management of critical farm base on society taken as focus in enable ness is critical condition survey of forest farm, socialization of UU No. 32 year 2009 about management and protection of environment, socialization and training of system of terasiring pattern and plant real correct at farm with high inclination (&gt; 450) having economic value and with vision of environment. Marginally cycle of PAR conducted at this enable ness program is to use technical method, mapping, transect, diagram of Venn, change schema and of livelihood analysis. By using this approach is expected by society have awareness in managing and exploiting environment real correctly. Besides society can direct control to all impact and policy of the policy because related to source of their residence environment and living.<br /> <br />Keywords : Erosion, Critical Farm, Research Preliminary, Participatory Action Research, Mapping, Transect, Diagram of Venn, Change Schema, Analysis livelihood<br /><br />