The study of the archaic round dances dramaturgy from the spring cycle

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to find clarification of the interpretation of the primary symbolism of some dance ornaments and movements. This will help to focus the choreographers’ attention on the competent use and interpretation of symbols in the dance dramaturgy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the archaic motifs in the dramaturgy of the spring cycle dances on the cycle example of round dances “Podolianochka” to explain their primary sign content. The methodology. The article analyzes the dramaturgy of the archaic spring rites on the cycle example of round dances “Podolianochka”, which are united by a plot and choreographic features. The archaic origins sources of the choreographic staging of these ritual actions are traced and systematized. The components of mythological, calendar-ritual and initiating origins of such a rite are considered. The results. The main character origin as a sun reflection in the spring flood (in the Danube) is formulated on the basis of a common feature — “white face” and others. The initiation of “Podolianochka-Bilodanchyk” leads to the Lela-spring birth. Choreographic elements that contribute to the success of the magical ritual and accompany the events course are considered: jumps — for the successful initiation, marriage and promoting plant growth, running — to increase fertility. It is shown that the schemes of movement in these round dances ensure the involvement of all girls in the role of the central character, as well as create magical symbols similar to Easter painting: sun-bird, meander, “thunderbolt”. It is proved that from the view of magical point the round dance plays the role of rosaries, the grains of which are taken one by one, and to each of them the gods’ glorification is pronounced. The novelty of this study is to clarify the ideological basis of the main character origin of the dance “Podolianochka-Bilodanchyk”, in the interpretation of choreographic patterns as symbols similar to Easter painting, the analogy between the touching of rosaries and mandatory participation in the role of the central character of all girls. The practical significance of this study is the selection of meaningful lines of round dance dramaturgy: 1) choreographic staging of events with grain and sorcery for the harvest; 2) girls’ initiation before the marriage period; 3) choreographic staging of events from the gods’ life and consecration of human actions. This allows you to more fully reconstruct both individual movements and the round dance dramaturgy as a whole in practice.

CERTAIN ISSUES OF FAMILIARIZATION WITH THE MATERIALS OF THE CRIMINAL CASE AT THE END OF THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

Familiarization with the materials of the criminal case at the end of the preliminary investigation affects the timeliness and quality of criminal proceedings in the court and adoption of a procedural decision, as well as the observance of the procedural period of criminal proceedings and ensuring the rights of participants in the parties, and therefore there is a need to resolve problems during its conduct. The authors uphold the position that it is necessary to provide for the mandatory participation of the legal representative of the minor victim and the accused in familiarization with the materials of the criminal case in order to carry out their defense, as well as the need to rehabilitate the victim after the crime committed against him. It is proposed to give the prosecutor the power to return the criminal case to the investigator if he considers it necessary to satisfy the applications. This proposal is aimed at ensuring the quality of support for public prosecution. A proposal to grant the parties the right to petition the investigator to declare the evidence in the case inadmissible and not to include it in the indictment is substantiated. The proposed procedure will exclude disputes that are not related to the circumstances of the commission of the crime in court, will improve the quality of criminal proceedings.

PROVISION OF QUALIFIED LEGAL ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS AND WITNESSES WITH DEVIANT BEHAVIOR: POSING A PROBLEM

Ensuring the protection of the rights of the individual is the purpose of criminal proceedings, regardless of the procedural status of its participant. The most vulnerable individuals with different psychophysiological differences are subjected to various types of criminal attacks, while protecting themselves and their interests is quite problematic due to intellectual development or physical condition, which raises the question of ensuring the possibility of their participation and protection of rights in the adversarial process. A difficult situation exists in protecting the rights of a witness who, whether he or she is an accidental eyewitness to the event or a witness to the event by the victim or the accused, is exposed to the representatives of the parties concerned, which raises the question of ensuring the protection of the rights of witnesses. Often, persons with deviant deviations, both social and psychobiological, act as witnesses and victims, but the possibility of establishing the circumstances of the case depends on the truthful and objective testimony of victims and witnesses. The need to provide victims with deviant deviations with qualified legal assistance, providing for the participation of a representative lawyer, was justified, and the grounds for the mandatory participation of a representative lawyer of the victim were determined. When a witness manifests deviant behavior, he should consult a psychiatrist, with pronounced mental abnormalities, prescribe a forensic psychiatric examination. Given the peculiarities of deviant behavior, it is proposed to decide on the use of a representative lawyer to provide him with qualified assistance.

VOLUNTARY Regulation: Evidence from Medicare Payment Reform

Government programs are often offered on an optional basis to market participants. We explore the economics of such voluntary regulation in the context of a Medicare payment reform, in which one medical provider receives a single, predetermined payment for a sequence of related healthcare services, instead of separate service-specific payments. This “bundled payment” program was originally implemented as a five-year randomized trial, with mandatory participation by hospitals assigned to the new payment model; however, after two years, participation was made voluntary for half of these hospitals. Using detailed claim-level data, we document that voluntary participation is more likely for hospitals that can increase revenue without changing behavior (“selection on levels”) and for hospitals that had large changes in behavior when participation was mandatory (“selection on slopes”). To assess outcomes under counterfactual regimes, we estimate a stylized model of responsiveness to and selection into the program. We find that the current voluntary regime generates inefficient transfers to hospitals, and that alternative (feasible) designs could reduce these inefficient transfers and raise welfare. Our analysis highlights key design elements to consider under voluntary regulation.

A new approach regarding to the recognition of an individual incapable

The article is devoted to the analysis of the procedural order of consideration and resolution of cases related to the change of an individual’s legal status, namely - recognition of an individual incompetent. The article analyzes the updated procedure for declaring an individual incompetent. The author of the article draws attention to the fact that the legislator has expanded the range of litigants in this type of proceedings; has provided for the possibility of direct participation of the person in respect of whom the proceedings for recognition of his/ her incompetence were initiated, both in-person and his/ her participation in the case through a videoconference from the medical institution where such person is at that moment; has set the terms of the court decision on declaring an individual incompetent, for not more than two years; has granted the right to certain entities to apply for an extension of the decision declaring an individual incompetent, which may be filed no later than fifteen days before the end of two years; has granted a person who was declared incompetent the right to apply to the court with a request to cancel the court decision, etc.It is noted that the validity of a court decision declaring an individual incompetent, which is provided by law, requires certain clarifications. It is substantiated that the obligatory appointment of a forensic psychiatric examination during the consideration of the case and to confirm the request for extension of the decision validity also requires some clarification, depending on the individual’s state of disease. The author considers the views of scholars and practitioners regarding mandatory participation in the consideration of an individual’s incompetence cases and the cancellation of a court decision on such cases - a lawyer who will provide adequate judicial protection and effective civil proceedings. It is concluded that it is expedient to expand the range of entities authorized to initiate the issue of revoking a court decision declaring an individual incompetent, supplementing them with such a participant as a prosecutor, which in turn will guarantee access to court, promote fair judicial protection of rights, freedoms, and interests of the persons, making a lawful and reasonable decision.

Developing an ethical framework for asymptomatic COVID-19 testing programmes in higher education institutions

Background: Mass asymptomatic COVID-19 testing programmes are being introduced in a range of settings, including in higher education institutions (HEIs). We aimed to produce an ethical framework to identify the range of ethical considerations relevant to HEI testing programmes and to support organisational decision-making. Methods: We conducted a mixed-method consultation (survey and semi-structured interviews) with students and staff at a case study university that was running a student testing programme. Survey data were analysed descriptively; data analysis for interviews was based on the Framework method. The findings of the consultation were combined with literature review, legal/ethical analysis and expert views to produce an ethical framework. Results: A total of 239 people took part in the consultation: 213 completed surveys (189 students, 24 staff) and 26 (16 students, 7 staff) participated in interviews. The survey identified clear support (99% of survey respondents) for the testing programme. Around two-thirds (62%) supported non-mandatory participation. Over half (54%) felt that the programme would need to be at least moderately effective to be acceptable. Over three-quarters (76%) felt the university had some responsibility to run a testing programme. Synthesis of consultation findings and further analysis identified nine areas of ethical consideration for HEIs looking to implement mass asymptomatic testing programmes: design and operation; goals; properties of the test; enabling isolation; choices about participation; benefits, harms and opportunity costs; responsibilities between students and institutions; privacy, confidentiality and data-sharing; and communication. The ethical framework includes recommendations in each of these areas, with illustrative examples of how they might be put into practice. Conclusions: By identifying ethical considerations relevant to university student testing programmes using analysis and consultation, the framework we developed has potential to facilitate deliberation about ethical aspects of such programmes, as well as informing decision-making about their introduction, design and delivery.

Analysis and Comparison of State-of-the-Art Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision-making Methods Under Different Levels of Uncertainty

Often, data in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems are imprecise and changeable due to the mandatory participation of human judgement, which is often unclear and vague. Besides, different MCDM methods may produce different results under different levels of uncertainty and require divergent levels of computational resources. Therefore, the quality of the decision and the amount of effort are heavily affected by selection of the MCDM method. With the regular proliferation of such methods and their modifications, it is important to carry out a comparative study that provides comprehensive insight into their performances under uncertain conditions. In this study, we use the randomized quasi-Monte Carlo simulation approach to compare empirically the results produced by 12 classic and contemporary fuzzy MCDM (FMCDM) approaches with rank-reversal perspective over increasing uncertainty in various decision scenarios. Furthermore, this study also investigates the similarity between ranks produced by each pair of methods for the same decision problems. The study further compares the results obtained by quasi-Monte Carlo simulation with the results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. The findings of this study will assist decision-makers in the selection of most appropriate fuzzy MCDM approach for different decision scenarios. The results of this research are significant additions to the current repository of knowledge in the multi-criteria decision analysis as well as the literature pertaining to the Information Systems. It also provides insights for many managerial applications of these MCDM methods.

The Foreign Learners' Difficulties in English Speaking and How to Solve the Problems

The objectives of this research are (1) to describe the difficulties faced by foreign learner in English Speaking; and (2) to describe the foreign learner’s solutions to solve the difficulties faced in English speaking. The design of this research is a descriptive qualitative research.The result of this research showed that foreign learners did face difficulties in performing English conversation. The difficulties were categorized into four points, in accordance with Penny Ur’s theory: inhibition, nothing to say, low or uneven participation, and mother-tongue use. For the solutions to resolve the difficulties, there are four poins, in accordance with Jeremy Harmer’s theory: preparation, repetition, big groups small groups, or mandatory participation. And the foreign learners used improvising strategy by Jeremy Harmer, also to help themselves develop the speaking ability, foreign learners used repetition strategy by Jeremy Harmer as well.