Initial Renal Function (eGFR) Is a Prognostic Marker of Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Cohort-Analysis of 1,224 Prospectively Collected Cases

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening disease. We aimed to explore the prognostic relevance of renal function based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Methods: A prospective registry of AP patients was established by the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. Data of 1,224 consecutive patients were collected between 2012 and 2017. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their eGFR measured within 24 h of hospitalization: normal renal function: >90 mL/min, mild to moderate renal functional impairment: 30–90 mL/min and severe renal dysfunction: <30 mL/min. Associations of eGFR with outcome (survival, length of hospitalization, AP severity, blood glucose), inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count), anemia and organ failure (heart, kidney, liver) were analyzed.Results: Death, longer hospitalization and severe AP, but not the cause of AP, were significantly associated with lower eGFR. The inflammatory markers (CRP, WBC count) but not anemia (Hb, Htk) were closely associated with severe renal dysfunction. Renal function was associated with heart and renal failure but not with other complications of AP such as respiratory failure, local pancreatic complications, diabetes or peptic ulcer. eGFR was not associated with liver damage (ALAT, γ-GT) or liver function (serum bilirubin) although biliary complications, alcohol and metabolic syndrome were the most common etiologies of AP.Conclusions: Our study suggests a useful prognostic value of initial eGFR in AP patients. Even mild eGFR reduction predicted mortality, severity of AP and the length of hospitalization. Thus, precise evaluation of renal function should be considered for assessing AP severity and outcome.

Az akut pancreatitist követő kórházi visszavételi arány mint minőségi mutató

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Az akut pancreatitis az egyik leggyakoribb kórházi felvételt igénylő gastrointestinalis kórkép. A korai visszavételi arány egyrészt az ellátást jellemző minőségi mutató, másrészt az akut pancreatitis 1 éves mortalitásának legerősebb prognosztikai faktora. Célkitűzés: A korai visszavétel arányának, illetve okainak vizsgálata klinikánkon akut pancreatitis diagnózisával kezelt betegek körében. Módszerek: Retrospektív vizsgálatunkat azon 18 év feletti betegek körében végeztük, akiket a 2010. január és 2018. december közötti időszakban akut pancreatitis diagnózisával kezeltünk klinikánkon, és az első emissziótól számítva 30 napon belül újból felvételre kerültek. A betegek adatait az Akut Pancreatitis Regiszter és a betegnyilvántartó rendszer (MedSol ) segítségével gyűjtöttük össze. A biliaris, illetve nem biliaris akut pancreatitises eseteket hasonlítottuk össze az epidemiológiai adatok, a visszavétel oka, a visszavételig eltelt átlagos időtartam, és a visszavétel időtartama, valamint kimenetele vonatkozásában. Eredmények: Akut pancreatitis diagnózisával 647 beteg került felvételre. Közülük 28 beteg került újrafelvételre. A leggyakoribb okok között 1) peripancreaticus szövődmények, 2) epés panaszok és 3) az akut pancreatitis kiújulása szerepel. A biliaris és a nem biliaris pancreatitises eseteket összehasonlítva, a visszavétel oka epés panasz volt az előbbi csoport 65,5%-ában és az utóbbi 15%-ában. A középsúlyos pancreatitises esetek száma szignifikánsan magasabbnak adódott a nem biliaris csoportban. Következtetés: A középsúlyos/súlyos pancreatitises esetek aránya magasabb volt a nem biliaris pancreatitises csoportban. Biliaris pancreatitis esetén javasolt index-cholecystectomia végzése. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(11): 413–418. Summary. Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is the leading cause of hospitalization among gastrointestinal diseases. The early readmission rate is a quality marker and the strongest prognostical factor of 1-year mortality of acute pancreatitis. Objective: To investigate the rate and cause of early readmission among patients treated with acute pancreatitis at our clinic. Methods: Our retrospective study was conducted among patients (>18 years) treated with acute pancreatitis between January 2010 and December 2018 at our clinic, by whom unplanned readmission happened <30 days from emission. Personal data were collected from the Hungarian Pancreas Registry. Data of biliary and non-biliary acute pancreatitis cases were compared concerning epidemiological data, cause of readmission, mean time elapsed until readmission, its duration and outcome. Results: 647 patients were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Of them, 28 patients had early readmission. The most common causes were 1) local pancreatic complications, 2) biliary and 3) recurrence of acute pancreatitis. By investigating the biliary and non-biliary pancreatitis cases separately, the cause of readmission was biliary in 65.5% and 15%, respectively. The number of moderately severe pancreatitis cases was significantly higher in the non-biliary group. Conclusion: The proportion of moderate/severe diseases was higher in the non-biliary pancreatitis group. In the case of biliary pancreatitis, it is suggested to perform index cholecystectomy. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(11): 413–418.

Short-term outcome of local pancreatic complications in a public hospital from North India

IntroductionDearth in the literature pertaining to natural history of acute pancreatitis (AP) necessitates further studies to evaluate the outcome of local pancreatic complications using the revised Atlanta classification.ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of local pancreatic complications after first episode of AP, risk factors for their development and predictors of need for intervention.MethodologyA prospective study was carried out on 50 consecutive cases of AP who developed local pancreatic complications from January 2015 to July 2016. After imaging, they were categorised into acute pancreatic fluid collection (APFC) and acute necrotic collection (ANC). The risk factors for their development and the need for intervention were assessed.ResultsOf 50 patients, 20 developed APFC and 30 ANC. Of ANC cases, 27 progressed into walled-off necrosis (WON), of which 4 were managed conservatively and 18 collections were drained percutaneously, 3 underwent endotherapy (transmural drainage and endoscopic necrosectomy) and 2 died following percutaneous drainage (PCD) and surgery. Ten WON collections persisted at the end of 3rd month. Collections resolved in 6 of 20 APFC patients, 14 formed pseudocysts, of which 10 showed resolution with or without intervention and only 4 of them persisted at the end of study. Size of collection ≥6 cm was independent predictor of intervention irrespective of type of collections while in cases of ANC, extensive necrosis (>30%) and multiple collections were more likely to require intervention.ConclusionIncidence of ANC is more common than APFC when local pancreatic fluid collections develop most of which develop WON and require intervention.

Management of severe acute pancreatitis

ABSTRACT The risks, measurements of severity, and management of severe acute pancreatitis and its complications have evolved rapidly over the past decade. Evidence suggests that initial goal directed therapy, nutritional support, and vigilance for pancreatic complications are best practice. Patients can develop pancreatic fluid collections including acute pancreatic fluid collections, pancreatic pseudocysts, acute necrotic collections, and walled-off necrosis. Several randomized controlled trials and cohort studies have recently highlighted the advantage of managing these conditions with a progressive approach, with initial draining for infection followed by less invasive techniques. Surgery is no longer an early intervention and may not be needed. Instead, interventional radiologic and endoscopic methods seem to be safer with at least as good survival outcomes. Newly developed evidence based quality indicators are available to assess and improve performance. Development and clinical testing of drugs to target the mechanisms of disease are necessary for further advancements.

Duodenal diverticulum associated with pancreatitis - a case report

Introduction. Acute pancreatitis is usually caused by biliary lithiasis and alcohol consumption. Pancreatitis in the elderly is a problem of increasing occurrence. Anatomic abnormalities may represent a less frequent, but important etiological factor. The duodenal diverticula rarely produce signs of inflammation, obstruction, hemorrhage or perforation. In some cases secondary biliary-pancreatic complications are found when a diverticulum originates from the papilla of Vater. Case Report. This case report describes a patient diagnosed with duodenal diverticulum who developed a framework of abdominal pain and laboratory findings compatible with acute pancreatitis which occurred two times in a short period of time. Conclusion. The association of duodenal diverticulum and acute pancreatitis has been reported, but it is important to point out that anatomic abnormalities may represent a less frequent but important etiological factor for acute pancreatitis.