Aberrant Expression of CD Markers in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Background: Aberrant expression of cluster differentiation (CD) antigen marker is associated with poor outcome of acute leukaemia. Objective: Aim of this study is to determine the frequency and pattern of aberrant expression of CD markers in acute myeloid leukaemia patients in Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective data analysis was conducted in the Department of Haematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) to assess the frequency of aberrant CD antigen expression in acute myeloid leukaemia from October 2016 to September 2017. During this period, we did one hundred flow cytometry of acute leukaemia patients and among them we found 48 acute myeloid Leukaemia (AML) who were included in this study. Result: Mean age of patients was 35 years (SD­ +14 years; Rang 3 to 50 years) with male: female ratio of 0.92. Four colour flow cytometry was done on fresh bone marrow aspirates and peripheral blood. Among 48 AML patients, aberrant CD expression was observed in 58% cases. CD5 and cCD79a lymphoid markers were seen to be expressed in 32% cases of AML. Aberrant cCD3 and CD7 were expressed in 29% and 25% cases respectively and aberrant CD10, CD19, cCD22 were expressed in 11%, 3%, 3% cases acute myeloid leukaemia patients respectively. Conclusion: Aberrant CD antigen expression is not uncommon in AML patients of Bangladeshi population that may adversely affect the treatment outcome of the disease.

Functional and phenotypic analyses of porcine gut immune cells immunized by oral administration of F4ac+nonenterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains

The aim of this study was to determine the priming effect of experimentally inoculated non-ETEC strains (2407, 1466) on gastrointestinal mucosal lymphocytes. Five 4-week-old pigs per group were orally inoculated with either F4ac⁺(1466 or 2407) or F4– (1467) non-ETEC strains. The control pigs were given broth containing 1.2% sodium bicarbonate. At postinoculation Day 6 the pigs were killed, their gut lymphocytes were isolated, and their responsiveness was tested in vitro with F4 antigen, peptidoglycan monomer (PGM), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, the patterns of cluster of differentiation (CD) antigen expression on T and B cells in the single cell suspensions from JLP, IPP, and MLN were determined by flow cytometry using anti-swine CD-specific monoclonal antibodies. F4ac+ non-ETEC strain 2407 and, to a lesser extent 1466, activated lymphocytes from PP and MLN to respond better to common mitogens (PHA, PWM, LPS), purified fimbrial (F4ac) antigen or immunologic response modifier (PGM). An increase of CD2a⁺and CD8a⁺T cells in JLP, and species-specific SWC1⁺T cells in MLN (P < 0.05) was detected in 2407-treated pigs. In conclusion, inoculation with non-ETEC strain 2407 exhibited stimulatory properties to porcine gut immune cells, and thus, could be used in the vaccination programs to control the postweaning colibacillosis in pigs.

Conservation of unique cell-surface CD antigen mosaics in HIV-1–infected individuals

Cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens are expressed on cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. As most disease processes involve immune system activation or suppression, these antigens offer unique opportunities for monitoring host responses. Immunophenotyping using limited numbers of CD antigens enables differentiation states of immune system cells to be determined. Extended phenotyping involving parallel measurement of multiple CD antigens may help identify expression pattern signatures associated with specific disease states. To explore this possibility we have made a CD monoclonal antibody array and scanner, enabling the parallel immunophenotyping of leukocyte cell suspensions in a single and rapid analysis. To demonstrate this approach, we used the specific example of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). An invariant HIV-induced CD antigen signature has been defined that is both robust and independent of clinical outcome, composed of a unique profile of CD antigen expression levels that are both increased and decreased relative to internal controls. The results indicate that HIV-induced changes in CD antigen expression are disease specific and independent of outcome. Their invariant nature indicates an irreversible component to retroviral infection and suggests the utility of CD antigen expression patterns in other disease settings.