FUNDAMENTALISME RADIKAL DALAM PEMIKIRAN DAN GERAKAN POLITIK KEAGAMAAN DI INDONESIA: STUDI KASUS PEMBUBARAN HIZBUT TAHRIR INDONESIA (HTI)

<em>This article describes on radical fundamentalism group named Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Fundamentalism is a concept, an idea that lives in political thought and religious political movement which is recognized blooming out in Indonesia as a side product of reformation era in 1998. Because of its ideology was consider as an opposite to Indonesian ideology and law, HTI then disbandment by Indonesian government. This article is a library research that uses a descriptive qualitative method. There are three Research results i.e., firstly, radical fundamentalism is a thought and a religious-political movement of a group that strictly carries out religious teachings. And these concepts exist in all religions. Secondly, although activities and political movements of HTI were stopped by government, its concept and movement are still running by many other religious group. And thirdly, the thought and political movement of HTI and other religious fundamentalist groups needs to be criticized to add insight into ideology.</em><br /><br /><strong>Key words:</strong> Radical Fundamentalism, Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia, Religious Thought and Political Movement.<br /><br />

DFT Study On Reaction Mechanism of Di-tert-butyl Phenol to Di-tert-butyl Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Experimental studies on the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction and its side reactions have made great progresses, however the relative theoretical studies fall behind. In order to study the mechanism of Kolbe-Schmitt reaction with 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol as reactants, we carried out theoretical calculation studies at M06-2X/Def2-SVP/SMD level of theory using Gaussian 09 D.01 software package. For the reactant 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, the main product and side product can convert to each other due to the dynamic equilibrium. However for 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, the main product is thermodynamically favorable due to its lower Gibbs free energy, while the side product is kinetically favorable due to the lower activation energy barrier. We hope the study can shed light on Kolbe-Schmitt reaction.

El traductor visible de literatura poscolonial ante la tentación del exotismo

Building upon The Translator’s Invisibility by L. Venuti and related work by Susan Bassnett, Ovidi Carbonell, Anuradha Dingwaney, Samia Mehrez and Mahasweta Sengupta, among others, this paper argues for the visibility of the postcolonial literature translator and draws a carefull line between proper visibility – as we define it – and a counterproductive exotism that may arise as the side-product of a poorly understood visibility. Our discussion focuses on the particular case of postcolonial lusophone African literature. In particular, we analyze the translation strategy adopted by the author of this paper for the translation from portuguese to catalan of A Varanda do Frangipani, a novel by Mia Couto from Mozambique.

Di-μ-nitrato-bis(μ-octaethyl pyrophosphoramide)bis[aquadinitratocalcium(II)]

The title compound, di-μ-nitrato-κ3 O,O′:O;O:O,O′-bis(μ-octaethyl pyrophosphoramide-κ2 O:O′)bis[aquabis(nitrato-κ2 O,O′)calcium(II)], [Ca2(NO3)4(C16H40N4O3P2)2(H2O)2] was obtained as a side product during the work up of the synthesis of octaethyl pyrophosphoramide and represents the first structurally characterized complex of this ligand. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n and the asymmetric unit contains one pyrophosphoramide molecule and one Ca2+ ion coordinated to two nitrate ions and one water molecule. The complex exists as a dimer with a centre of inversion located between two eight-coordinate calcium(II) centres, which are bridged by two nitrate ions and two octaethyl pyrophosphoramide ligands. Each Ca2+ cation is also coordinated to a further nitrate anion, acting as a bidentate ligand, and a water molecule. The complexes stack parallel to the a axis and are held in place by a network of intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds also running parallel to a.

Experimental Study of Updraft Gasification of Rice Husk and Coal to Produce Syngas

<p class="02abstracttext">Limited resource of fossil fuel inspires many research activities to search for alternative energy. This work offers alternative solution to address this problem through charcoal gasification. The goal of this research is to find the amount of syngas produced in the gasification is process. The alternative fuel was produced from the mixing rice husk and low quality coal due to their abundant resource in South Kalimantan. The mixture was then gasified at 500 °C. The highest syngas volume at 29.56 L was in the sample of SP 200 gr and BB 0 then followed at 25.7 L for ratio SP 180 gr : BB 20 gr. The lowest produced syngas 19.45 was produced from the sample with ratio SP 100 gr : BB 100 gr. This gasification process also resulted in side product, i.e. tar component which varies from 22.5 mL to 58.75 mL.</p>

Pemanfaatan Tulang Ikan Patin sebagai Tepung Tinggi Kalsium di Kampung Patin, Kabupaten Kampar

Ikan patin merupakan salah satu ikan yang banyak dikembangkan karena tingginya permintaan baik dari pasar domestik maupun internasional. Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau merupakan salah satu sentra pengembangan ikan pastin di Indonesia. Kampung patin yang berada di Kabupaten Kampar adalah penghasil ikan patin terbesar di Sumetra. Pada tahun 2013, daerah ini telah mempunyai kolam ikan patin dengan luar 54 hektar dan menghasilkan ikan patin kurang lebih 10 ton perhari. Ikan patin diolah menjadi salai, bakso, nugget, abon, dan fillet ikan (Kemendag RI, 2013). Berkembangnya usaha mikro pengolahan ikan patin ini menilbulkan masalah baru yaitu usaha ini menghasilkan limbah dalam jumlah yang cukup besar, karena limbah atau hasil ikutan (side product) ikan patin hanya dibuang begitu saja. Dalam industri pengolahan ikan patin akan dihasilkan limbah yang cukup banyak yaitu sekitar 67% dari total ikan patin. Limbah tersebut dapat diolah dan dimanfaatkan menjadi tepung tulang ikan. Kalsium dan fosfor dari tulang ikan memiliki kualitas cukup bagus serta mudah diperoleh. Melalui program PPDM ini masalah limbah tulang ikan patin akan diminimalisir sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomis dari limbah yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan ikan patin. Dari kegiatan pemberian informasi tentang manfaat tulang ikan patin diperoleh hasil yang cukup baik. Terlihat dari terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan pada peserta kegiatan sebesar 86,06. Pada kegiatan ini tidak hanya diberikan pengetahuan kepada peserta, tetapi juga pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan peserta dalam membuat tepung tulang ikan patin. Dilakukan evaluasi dari keterampilan peserta dalam pembuatan tepung tulang ikan patin dimana diperoleh hasil rata-rata kemampuan peserta sebesar 95,2%. Dari kegiatan yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil rata-rata penilaian kepuasan peserta terhadap kegiatan sebesar 87,2%. Hasil diatas dapat menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat untuk dapat mengolah limbah hasil pengolahan ikan patin menjadi sesuatu yang berdaya guna dan bernilai ekonomis.

Gopakumar-Vafa hierarchies in winding inflation and uplifts

We propose a combined mechanism to realize both winding inflation and de Sitter uplifts. We realize the necessary structure of competing terms in the scalar potential not via tuning the vacuum expectation values of the complex structure moduli, but by a hierarchy of the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants of the underlying Calabi-Yau threefold. To show that Calabi-Yau threefolds with the prescribed hierarchy actually exist, we explicitly create a database of all the genus 0 Gopakumar-Vafa invariants up to total degree 10 for all the complete intersection Calabi-Yau’s up to Picard number 9. As a side product, we also identify all the redundancies present in the CICY list, up to Picard number 13. Both databases can be accessed at this link (https://www.desy.de/∼westphal/GV_CICY_webpage/GVInvariants.html).

Synthesis of bis(aryloxy)fluoromethanes using a heterodihalocarbene strategy

A side-product present in the herbicide pyroxasulfone was synthesized. The construction of a bis(aryloxy)fluoromethane moiety was necessary, for which no existing method was available. We report a simple, new procedure which we applied to the synthesis of some of these unusual structures.

Synthesis of (E)-5-Arylvinyl-7-methyltetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines

A three-component reaction of 5-aminotetrazole with aromatic aldehydes and acetylacetone under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions at a temperature of 150–160°С proceeds with the formation of (E)-5-arylvinyl-7-methyltetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. 5,7-Dimethyltetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine is formed as a side-product of the reaction.