USING SFG TO ANALYZE AUTHORIAL EMPHASIZERS AND PROPOSITIONAL INTENSIFIERS: A COMPARISON OF ALBANIAN AND ITALIAN ACADEMIC WRITING

Modality expresses high probability and total degree through boosters (Halliday 1985,Holmes 1990). Through them, writers reinforce statements with the assurance of reliableknowledge (cf. Hyland 1998b). This study compares the usage of boosting emphasizers (e.g. certainly) and intensifiers (e.g. completely) (cf. Quirk et al. 1985) and their orientation and manifestation (cf. Halliday & Matthiessen 2014) in Albanian and Italian student academic writings in L1 and English as an L2. I compiled an Italian and an Italian English corpus (around 3 million words each) as well as an Albanian corpus (around 2.2 million words) and Albanian English one (around 700,000 words). The corpora are comparable in terms of genre, disciplinary domain, gender and the division of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ sciences. Since very little research has been conducted on academic writing in Albania (Toska 2015), it is essential to initiate research in this field. The results showed that boosters were significantly favored in Italian and Italian English and less favored in Albanian. Conclusively, Italians show more commitment than Albanians.

Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction after Endodontic Treatment Performed in Three Hospitals in Jeddah, kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Aims: To evaluate the quality of life of patients after endodontic treatment, and their satisfaction toward the endodontic treatment in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross sectional study, was conducted on 300 patients who underwent endodontic treatment from 6 months to a week ago. The study was performed using a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using statistical analysis software SPSS v.26. Results: In the OHRQoL items, the total degree of the oral health-related quality of life assessment was medium with (M = 2.72 out of 5, RII = 54.4%, SD = 0.67), the most affected was "Feeling an excruciating pain in the mouth" with (M = 3.37 out of 5, RII = 67.4%, SD = 0.77), while the least was " Feeling irritable with others because of the teeth or mouth" with (M = 2.32 out of 5, RII = 46.4%, SD = 1.35). The total degree of the personal satisfaction assessment was high with (M = 3.78 out of 5, RII = 75.6%, SD = 0.67). "Postoperative Pleasantness" was the most satisfied part with (M = 3.86 out of 5, RII = 77.3%, SD = 0.87). Conclusion: This study showed a moderate level of OHRQoL among patients after the endodontic treatment, and a high level of satisfaction among patients toward the endodontic treatment.

Certain Operations on Picture Fuzzy Graph with Application

Fuzzy graphs (FGs) can play a useful role in natural and human-made structures, including process dynamics in physical, biological, and social systems. Since issues in everyday life are often uncertain due to inconsistent and ambiguous information, it is extremely difficult for an expert to model those difficulties using an FG. Indeterminate and inconsistent information related to real-valued problems can be studied through a picture of the fuzzy graph (PFG), while the FG does not provide mathematically acceptable information. In this regard, we are interested in reducing the limitations of FGs by introducing some new definitions and results for the PFG. This paper aims to describe and explore a few properties of PFGs, including the maximal product (MP), symmetric difference (SD), rejection (RJ), and residue product (RP). Furthermore, we also discuss the degree and total degree of nodes in a PFG. This study also demonstrates the application of a PFG in digital marketing and social networking.

Minimal degree of standard identities of matrix algebras with symplectic graded involution

Let [Formula: see text] be a field of characteristic zero and [Formula: see text] the algebra of [Formula: see text] matrices over [Formula: see text]. By the classical Amitsur–Levitzki theorem, it is well known that [Formula: see text] is the smallest degree of a standard polynomial identity of [Formula: see text]. A theorem due to Rowen shows that when the symplectic involution [Formula: see text] is considered, the standard polynomial of degree [Formula: see text] in symmetric variables is an identity of [Formula: see text]. This means that when only certain kinds of matrices are considered in the substitutions, the minimal degree of a standard identity may not remain being the same. In this paper, we present some results about the minimal degree of standard identities in skew or symmetric variables of odd degree of [Formula: see text] in the symplectic graded involution case. Along the way, we also present the minimal total degree of a double Capelli polynomial identity in symmetric variables of [Formula: see text] with transpose involution.

Quality of Life for a Sample of Adults in Jordan in the Presence of the Corona Pandemic: جودة الحياة لدى عينة من الراشدين في الأردن في ظل جائحة كورونا

This study aimed to identify the level of quality of life for a sample of adults in Jordan in the presence of the corona pandemic, where the two researchers used the descriptive approach, both analytical and correlational, the study sample consisted of (285) adults who were selected in a simple random way. The results showed that the quality of life of the sample was average, and indicated that there are apparent differences between the arithmetic averages in the quality of life of the sample according to gender, age and marital status, and the absence of statistically significant differences in degree The total quality of life of the sample in light of the Corona pandemic and its dimensions attributable to gender, the existence of differences in the dimension of (social life) and in favor of females, the existence of differences in the total degree of the level of quality of life of the sample in light of the Corona pandemic and its dimensions attributable to the social situation in favor of singles, and the existence of differences in the total degree of the level of The quality of life is attributed to age in favor of those of their ages (18-30 years), that is, young people feel more of a quality of life, and the researchers recommended several results, including the status of The necessary support mechanisms to mitigate the negative effects of the Corona crisis on health and well-being, especially for the elderly.

The reality of educational supervision in Najran from the point view of secondary school teachers and principals and their attitudes towards it: واقع الإشراف التربوي في مدينة نجران من وجهة نظر معلمي وقائدي المدارس الثانوية واتجاهاتهم نحوه

The study aimed to identify the reality of educational supervision in Najran city from of secondary school teachers and principals point of view, the descriptive survey approach was used, and questionnaire consisting of (3) main areas and (32) paragraphs, applied to a sample of (282) school principals and teachers, including (226) teachers and (56) school principals of both sexes who work in secondary school education, The results indicated that the sample estimates of the reality of supervision at the level of the whole tool; got an overall average (3.25 out of 5), meaning a (medium) practice score, and the level of the three areas, they were in order; The field of educational supervision goals with the highest average (3.33), then the field of supervision methods with an arithmetic average (3.31), finally the field of supervisors' roles with an average of (3.14), all of which were of a medium degree, and the results indicated that there were differences in the attitudes of secondary school teachers and managers towards supervision for a variable. The job is on the total degree only without the fields and was in favor of the school leaders, and the results showed that there were no differences in the reality of supervision between teachers and leaders of the secondary stage towards supervision according to the gender variable, while there were differences in the reality of supervision according to the experience variable on the total degree of performance As well as on the three areas of the tool in favor of those with less experience (10 years or less) The results also showed that there are differences in the reality of supervision depending on the educational qualification variable in the first and second fields and in favor of the bachelor, as for the total degree and the third field of the tool, it was not Significant differences appear statistically. Based on the results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals for developing educational supervision in the city of Najran and the whole of the Kingdom.

NP-Hardness and Approximation Algorithms for Iterative Pricing on Social Networks with Externalities

We study how a monopolist seller should price an indivisible product iteratively to the consumers who are connected by a known link-weighted directed social network. For two consumers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], there is an arc directed from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] is a fashion leader of [Formula: see text]. Assuming complete information about the network, the seller offers consumers a sequence of prices over time and the goal is to obtain the maximum revenue. We assume that the consumers buy the product as soon as the seller posts a price not greater than their valuations of the product. The product’s value for a consumer is determined by three factors: a fixed consumer specified intrinsic value and a variable positive (resp. negative) externality that is exerted from the consumer’s out(resp. in)-neighbours. The setting of positive externality is that the influence of fashion leaders on a consumer is the total weight of links from herself to her fashion leaders who have owned the product, and more fashion leaders of a consumer owning the product will increase the influence (external value) on the consumer. And the setting of negative externalities is that the product’s value of showing off for a consumer is the total weight of links from her followers who do not own the product to herself, and more followers of a consumer owning the product will decrease this external value for the consumer. We confirm that finding an optimal iterative pricing is NP-hard even for acyclic networks with maximum total degree [Formula: see text] and with all intrinsic values zero. We design a greedy algorithm which achieves [Formula: see text]-approximation for networks with all intrinsic values zero and show that the approximation ratio [Formula: see text] is tight. Complementary to the hardness result, we design a [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm for Barabási–Albert networks.

SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION OF NEW CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING LABOR INTENSITY AMONG CIVIL AVIATIONPILOTS

Introduction. An analysis of labor intensity as a factor in the labor process that can affect flight safety is of great importance in assessing the working conditions of civil aircraft pilots. At the same time, the existing approaches to assessing labor intensity have a number of shortcomings that do not allow an objective quantitative assessment of the load on the central nervous system and sensory organs, do not take into account the many algorithms of the pilot's actions at different stages of the flight, and a number of criteria for sensory loads do not reflect the real levels that the pilots are exposed. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate new criteria for assessing the labor intensity of pilots. Research methods. As part of the comprehensive studies, hygienic, questionnaire-survey methods, timing studies and an algorithmic method for analyzing the actions of aircraft crew members were used, the functional state of the cardiovascular and central nervous system, psychophysiological and video-oculomotor studies, an assessment of attention reserves, mathematical and statistical methods were assessed. Results. It has been established that the following indicators can be used as the basis for new criteria for assessing the work intensity of aircraft pilots: the number of take-offs / landings (per flight shift / week), including those performed at night; crossing time zones (per flight shift / week); volume of incoming information (bits per flight shift); time of fixing the gaze on the device (as a percentage of the flight time); frequency of changing the image / values on the screen (times / hour); the total degree of complexity of multifunctional control devices (bit / s). The total degree of labor intensity among pilots corresponds to class 3.3. Conclusion. Further research is needed to establish quantitative criteria for the proposed labor intensity indicators among civil aviation pilots.

Impact of Games and Online Activities on Students with Learning Disabilities in Improving Visual Perception and Maintaining Vision Power

The study aimed to identify the impact of games and electronic activities in improving visual perception in students with learning disabilities using the descriptive survey curriculum study. The study members are from the entire community of 160 teachers and a teacher of doctors with learning disabilities of education directorates in The Province of Oman. The results showed that the level of impact of games and electronic activities in improving visual perception in students with learning difficulties has come with an average result. The average arithmetic of the total degree (3.66), as well as the results, showed statistically significant differences in the impact of the sex variable and for females, the effect of the variable scientific qualification, and for the benefit of the bachelor. The impact of the variable years of experience and in favor of experience from (5years to 10 years) and the effect of the variable method of teaching came in favor of the electronic method.