Undesired Effects of Bioinsecticides Molecules in Wistar Rats: Case of Spirotetramat, Citrulus Colocynthis and Cleome Arabica Extracts

The use of pesticides is becoming an indispensable technique in most agricultural practices, regardless of the level of development of the country. Currently, the pesticides used are often less toxic and more specific and are based on insect physiology. Recent studies indicate that pesticide intoxication induces oxidative stress. This work aims to study the neurobehavioral consequences of the administration of two insecticides currently widely used in agriculture: spirotetramat (an inhibitor of lipid synthesis in insects) and the ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis (a plant endemic to the Algerian Sahara) and the ethanolic extract of Cleome arabica (Capparidaceae) The different behavioral tests (elevated cross maze, open fields and forced swimming) show that the have a significant impact on the degree of anxiety of rodents.These products significantly influence the biochemical parameters (blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine), the hormone Adreno CorticoTropic Hormone, acetylcholine esterase,

Antidyslipidemic Capacity of Cleome arabica (L.) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of Cleome arabica on lipid metabolism. Background: Cleome arabica (L.) is a medicinal plant used traditionally by the population of North Africa for managing diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the antidyslipidemic and antiatherogenic capacities of Cleome arabica (L.) in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic and antiatherogenic effects of oral administration of the aqueous extract of Cleome arabica (CAAE) (100 mg/kg) were evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. In addition, the quantification of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins as well as the antioxidant activity were performed. Results : The results showed that the extract (CAAE) revealed an antidyslipidemic action by attenuating plasma levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TGs), Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and glucose. Additionally, CAAE exhibited a potent antiatherogenic activity by reducing Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), Castelli’s Risk index-I (cri-I), and Castelli’s Risk Index-II (CRI-II). Furthermore, the findings indicated that CAAE is abundant with polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins, and exhibited an important antioxidant capacity. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that aqueous Cleome arabica extract was able to ameliorate lipid abnormalities associated with diabetes mellitus. This pharmacological activity might be due to the antioxidant capacities of phytochemical compounds.

Acute toxicity Analysis and Antidiabetic Effect of the Moroccan Spider Flower (Cleome Arabica L.) in Normal and Sreptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Aims: The study aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic effect of Cleome arabica. Background: Cleome arabica L. or spider flower belongs to Capparidaceae family and it is used for treating inflammation and diabetes mellitus in traditional medicine. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity and acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Cleome arabica L (CAAE). Methods: The acute toxicity of CAAE was evaluated at the doses of 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg. Parallelly, body weight, signs of toxicity, and/or mortality were observed for 14 days. The effect of oral administration of Cleome arabica aqueous extract (CAAE) at a dose of 100 mg/kg on glycemia was performed in normal and diabetic rats. Additionally, histopathological structure of liver, phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity were studied. Results: The acute toxicity test revealed that all treated rats survived, and no change in body weight was observed. The results demonstrated that CAAE exhibited significant antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats. Furthermore, the plant extract ameliorated the liver histology in diabetic rats with a concomitant antioxidant activity.

Physiological and Oxidative Stress Responses of Lettuce to Cleomside A: A Thiohydroximate, as a New Allelochemical from Cleome arabica L.

The inclination toward natural products have led the onset for the discovery of new bioactive metabolites that could be targeted for specific therapeutic or agronomic applications. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from Cleome arabica L., and subsequently determine the unexplored mechanism of action of the newly identified compounds on Lactuca sativa L. Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic silique extract of C. arabica afforded seven secondary metabolites belonging to different classes such as flavonoids, triterpene, and a new thiohydroximate derivative, named cleomside A. Among phytotoxic assays, the growth of lettuce was totally inhibited by cleomside A compared to the other identified compounds. This effect was associated with the increased levels of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide indicating disruption of membrane integrity and induction of oxidative stress. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and APX were also elevated, thereby demonstrating the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species upon identified allelochemical exposure. Thus, the changes caused by cleomside A described herein can contribute to better understanding the allelochemical actions of thiohydroximate and the potential use of these substances in the production of natural herbicides compared to the other identified flavonoids and triterpene.

High Antioxidant Capacities and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Hammada elegans Botsch. Extracts: An in vitro Assessment

Introduction: Plants supply traditional Algerian medicines for the treatment of antiinflammatory effect. The reasons for the use of traditional treatments were that pure compounds obtained were also effective in reducing the toxicities of toxic agents or other drugs. Methods: In this study, we explore the phytochemical composition and the phenolic content by indirect method to evaluate the antioxidants and the anti-inflammatory capacities of twelve extracts from three plants. Results: Results: The total phenolic content ranged from 0.168 ± 0.020 to 4.166 ± 0.124 mg per gram of dry weight. Phytochemical screening revealed that tannins, C-heterosides, O-reduced heterosides and reducing compounds are the most common chemical groups. The highest antiradical activity was achieved with methanolic extract of Hammada elegans (EC50 = 0.551 ± 0.171mg/mL). However, the acetonic extract of Hammada elegans represents the most important reducing activity (EC50 = 0.747 ± 0.004mg/mL). Moreover, this extract also displays the highest chelating ferrous ions effect (EC50 = 5.749 ± 0.009 mg/mL) while the hydromethanolic extract of Cleome arabica has the best antilipoperoxidative effect (EC50 = 0.031 ± 0.000mg/mL). Furthermore, all extracts inhibit the activity of lipooxygenase and cyclooxygenase with IC50 values less than 19.210 ± 0.297 mg/mL. Therefore, the acetonic extract of Hammada elegans appears to be twice greater than that of standard inhibitors. Conclusion: The fractionation of the acetonic extract of Hammada elegans has given a potent bioactive compound which seems to have potential therapeutic possibilities for the prevention of the inflammatory effects.