Objectives and Structure of the Information and Communication System for "Smart" Organic Farming

The authors showed that the organic production is an actively growing global business: in 2017, it occupied more than 1.4 percent of all agricultural land on the planet. The authors emphasized the relevance of digitalization with the constant growth of the database, which the farmer needs to process quickly and effi ciently. (Research purpose) To form the structure of the information and communication system for the «smart» crop organic farming and the database necessary for its training and ensuring its functioning. (Materials and methods) The prior research was used, as well as previously created databases and information from the existing literature. Since 2016, a multifactorial experiment with potatoes has been carried out as part of an organic crop rotation to fi ll the information base with experimental data. (Results and discussion) The structure of the information and communication system of the “smart” organic crop production has been formed. It is based on the territory digital map and agricultural crop digital models. In the course of the work of the system, we decided to make daily changes to the digital model of agricultural crops based on the incoming agroecological information, as well as to prepare recommendations on the relevant choice and use of the planned technological operations. It was found out that in a fouryear fi eld experiment, the potato yield in the control variant (without the introduction of compost and pesticides) averaged 21.7 tons per hectare, and when using compost and biofungicide Kartofi n, it increased to 26.7 tons per hectare. The authors calculated multiple linear regression equations describing the dependence of the nitrogen mineral form content in the soil in June on the sum of the active temperatures during this period and the compost dose (the correlation coeffi cient is 0.658); and the dependence of potato yield on the nitrogen mineral form content in the soil in the fi rst ten days of June and the sum of active temperatures in May-June (the correlation coeffi cient is 0.667). (Conclusions) The authors presented the structure of the information and communication system of an organic agricultural enterprise, substantiated the possibility of its full implementation as a tool that helps agricultural producers to carry out environmentally safe, competitive and effi cient organic production at a totally new level.

THE ASESSMENT OF THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF AIR TEMPERATURE OF AIR TEMPERATURE IN THE URALS AND WESTERN SIBERIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH-EARLY 21TH CENTURIES WITH THE USE OF REANALYSIS

Проведен анализ пространственно-временной динамики приземной среднегодовой температуры воздуха на территории Урала и Западной Сибири по данным 92 метеостанций и реанализов ERA-20С и CERA-20С за период с 1961 по 2010 гг. Установлено, что значения коэффициента корреляции за исследуемый временной промежуток между данными инструментальных метеонаблюдений и данными реанализов ERA-20С и CERA-20С лежат в интервалах 0,81–0,97 и 0,86–0,98 соответственно. Данные по температуре воздуха реанализа CERA-20С лучше согласуются со значениями температуры, полученными на метеостанциях, по сравнению с данными реанализа ERA-20C. В южной части района исследований коэффициенты корреляции ниже, чем в регионах, расположенных севернее. В целом данные реанализа CERA-20C целесообразно использовать при проведении исследований, связанных с климатической изменчивостью и региональным изменением климата Урала и Западной Сибири на участках, находящихся на удалении от метеостанций. The analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the mean annual air temperature in the Urals and Western Siberia on the basis of data of 92 weather stations and reanalysis ERA-20C and CERA-20C for the period from 1961 to 2010 was implemented. It was found that the values of the correlation coeffi cients for the studied time interval between the meteorological data and the data of reanalysis ERA-20C and CERA-20C lie in the intervals of 0,81–0,97 and 0,86–0,98, respectively. The reanalysis of CERA20C is in better agreement with the data obtained at weather stations compared to the reanalysis of ERA20C. In the southern part of the research area, the correlation coeffi cients are lower than in the regions located to the North. In general, data of the CERA-20C. Reanalysis should be used for studies related to climate variability and regional climate change in the Urals and Western Siberia at sites located at a signifi cant distance from weather stations.

A sportolói kiégés kérdőív hazai adaptációja

Háttér és célkitűzések:Jelen tanulmány célja a Sportolói Kiégés Kérdőív (ABQ, Raedeke és Smith, 2001) magyar változatának pszichometriai vizsgálata, a mérőeszköz reliabilitásának és validitásának ellenőrzése. Módszer: A kérdőív érvényességét és megbízhatóságát egy 1317 fős kényelmi mintán ellenőriztük. A fent említett kérdőív mellett felvételre került a Sportkörnyezet Kérdőív (SCQ-H; Deci, 2001; Kovács, Gyömbér, F. Földi és Lénárt, megjelenés alatt), a Sportmotiváció-2 Kérdőív (SMS-2; Smohai és mtsai, 2019) és a Majdnem Tökéletes Skála rövid változata (SAPS; Reinhardt, Tóth és Rice, 2019).Eredmények:A megerősítő faktoranalízis az eredeti faktorstruktúrát alátámasztó eredményeket mutatott, három elkülönülő faktort kaptunk (Kimerültség; Leértékelés; Teljesítmény csökkenése). A kérdőív skáláinak belső megbízhatósága megfelelőnek bizonyult (Cronbach α: 0,76–0,86). Az időbeli stabilitás vizsgálata során pozitív erős kapcsolatot találtunk a teszt-reteszt között [Kimerültség – r(121) = 0,92, p < 0,001; Leértékelés – r(123) = 0,90, p < 0,001; Teljesítmény csökkenése – r(123) = 0,60, p < 0,001]. A konvergens validitás vizsgálata során a korábbi kutatásokkal megegyező, gyenge-közepes korrelációkat kaptunk (r = –0,20–0,52) a sportolói kiégés három skálája és a sportmotiváció típusai, az észlelt edzői autonómiatámogatás mértéke és a perfekcionizmus formái között.Következtetések:A kérdőív magyarra fordított változata pszichometriailag megfelelő mérőeszköznek tekinthető, kiváltképp serdülők körében alkalmazva.Background and aims:The goal of this study is to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the Hungarian version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ, Raedeke and Smith, 2001) and examinate the reliability and validity of this questionnaire.Methods:1317 athletes were involved in this study (mean age = 20,45; SD = 4,39; men = 649; women = 669). Beside the above mentioned questionnaire (ABQ-H), the Sport Climate Questionnaire (SCQ-H; Deci, 2001; Kovács, Gyömbér, F. Földi, & Lénárt, in press), the Sport Motivation Scale -2 (SMS-2; Smohai et al, 2019) and the Short Almost Perfect Scale (Reinhardt, Tóth and Rice, 2019) were applied for the validation.Results:The confi rmatory factor analysis showed consistency with the original structure. We found three, separated factors: reduced sense of accomplishment; emotional and physical exhaustion and devaluation. Internal consistency of the subscales (Cronbach-α: 0,76 – 0,86) proved to be adequate. Correlation coeffi cient for test-retest reliability was ranging from 0,60 to 0,92 (Exhaustion – r(121) = 0,92, p < 0.001; Devaluation – r(123) = 0,90, p < 0,001; Reduced sense of accomplishment - r(123) = 0,60, p < 0,001). Examination of convergent validity revealed small relationships (r = -0,20 – 0,52) – as it was found in the literature too – among the three scales of athletic burnout, the types of sportmotivation, the level of the perceived autonomy support from coach and the forms of perfectionism.Discussion:The Hungarian version of the ABQ seems to be a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure, among adolescent athletes particularly.

137Cs circulation in forest ecosystems on the territory of the Chernobyl exclusion zone (Soil)

Seasonal changes in the content of 137Cs in soils were studied at three forest ecosystems in the territory of the Chernobyl exclusion zone. The soils were selected layer by layer: A0l, A0f+A0h, 0-5 and 5-10 cm with the frequency of once every two weeks during 2013-2015. Intermittent changes in the levels of the specific activity of 137Cs in all studied soil layers during the calendar year were recorded at the sites. The dependences of the content of 137Cs in different soil layers on the season of the year have not been identified. The calculation of correlation coeffi cients indicates the existence of a relationship between fluctuations in the concentration of radiocaesium only between layers of 0-5 and 5-10 cm. Air temperature and precipitation over different time intervals preceding the sampling do not affect the redistribution of 137Cs in the soil of the forest ecosystems. It has been suggested that the absence of seasonal patterns of changes in the content of 137Cs in soils is associated with its heterogeneity (different amounts of soil biota in each sample).

Effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency using the biofeedback method

Objective: To study the effectiveness of the biological feedback (BOS) method in the rehabilitation of patients with cerebral circulation disorders. Materials and methods: 555 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia were examined. All the patients were diagnosed with problems with movement coordination in vertical position. If necessary, the patients received standard conservative therapy. In addition to it, a method for increasing physical activity based on the BOS method was used. A stabilometric examination was carried out on Trust-M equipment. Patient 10m walking time was evaluated. The patients’ quality of life was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the measurement of patient height and weight. Results: Before the start of the treatment, there is a tendency of a decrease in the average speed of movement in BOS with age. The average speed of movement in women is lower than that in men. With age, the maximum horizontal speed of movement also decreases. After the treatment, the speed of movement in men decreased in all age groups, and in women, the speed increased in groups older than 60 years. In all age groups, women had a larger increase in the rate of movement. Before the treatment, men spent less time than women on performing a walking test of 10 m. After the treatment, the test time decreases only in the group of men of 61 years and older, and in women — in the group of 51 years and older. The original quality of life of men, measured by the VAS scale, is higher than that of women. These diff erences become unreliable starting from the third BOS session. As a result of the treatment, the energy spent on maintaining the vertical position of the body in the group of persons up to 50 years is reduced. The correlations of mean force between the BMI and the energy spent on maintaining the vertical body position and upright posture retention were obtained. In persons under 50 years of age, the correlation coeffi cient in men is signifi cantly greater than in women. The correlation coeffi cient tends to decrease with age. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that BOS therapy can have a positive eff ect on patients with cerebrovascular diseases (the increased speed of movement and reduced energy consumption on keeping the body in an upright position). The intensity of the eff ect depends on gender and age.

Observed vertical distribution of tropospheric carbon monoxide during 2012 over Iraq

The atmospheric parameters observations enable to made continental and global scales by remote sensing devices existent in space. One of these instruments is the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) onboard Aqua satellite. We characterize the vertical distribution of troposphere carbon monoxide (CO) measured by AIRS over IRAQ. This study presents one year data. Results shown standard deviation of monthly troposphere CO for five locations: Baghdad, Basrah, Maysan, Al Fakka, and Mosul, from January to December 2012, was 107.15 ±18.75 ppbv for entire period depend on whether circumstance and topography. The seasonal differences undulate between winter and summer seasons, with higher values CO in the winter than in the summer and autumn seasons. In addition, the rising in troposphere CO values can be measured during year over the manufacturing and crowded urbanized zones. AIRS observations reveal enhanced abundances of CO, with values that can exceed 120 ppbv at approximately 4 km altitude over Baghdad and Mosul. The lower CO amounts observed of approximately 88–90 ppbv at 253 mb (altitude 11 km) during October. Comparisons over Baghdad station in 2012 showed close agreement between the ground CO data and the observed CO from AIRS, and regression result showed high correlation coeffi cient (R = 0.962). The vertical CO observation by AIRS is providing meaningful information for different altitude layers closer to the troposphere, and the satellite measurements are able to measure the increase of the atmosphere CO concentrations over varied regions.

The correlation between dairy productivity traits in the herd of holsteinized cows of Black and White breed

It is important to study the nature of the association between the characteristics of milk productivity in breeding work with cattle. The purpose of the researches was to study the correlation between the traits of milk productivity in the herd of holsteinized cows of Black-and-White breed. A signifi cant low negative correlation r=–0,108 (P < 0,01) and r=–0,125 (P < 0,001) has been found between the traits of milk yield and the mass fractions of fat and protein for the 1st lactation. It should be noted that for the 1st, 2nd lactations and on average for the fi rst three lactations between the mass fractions of fat and protein a reliable average positive correlation has been determined from r=0,512 (P < 0,001) to r=0,565 (P < 0,001), for the 3rd lactation a high positive correlation has been found r=0,613 (P < 0,001). It has been found for all three lactations that milk yield had high, positive and reliable correlation coeffi cients with milk fat yield from r= +0,958 (P < 0,001) to r=+0,974 (P < 0,001) and milk protein yield from r=+0,995 (P < 0,001) to r=+0,997 (P < 0,001). This can serve as an indicator of possible eff ective selection based on these characteristics. In order to determine the infl uence of sires on the content of mass fractions of fat and protein in the milk of their daughters, the degree of correlation of these characteristics has been studied. Correlation coeffi cients between milk yield and fat mass fraction were negatively low from r=–0,139 (P < 0,01) to r=–0,280 (P < 0,05). The correlation between milk yield and protein mass fraction has been found from the average negative value of r=–0,372(P < 0,05) to the positive low indicator – r=+0,234 (P < 0,001). The correlation coeffi cients have been obtained for milk productivity indicate the individual characteristics of individual sires.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PAKAIAN MUSLIM PADA TOKO SEDIA PEUREULAK ACEH TIMUR

This study aims to determine the effect of buying interest to the decision purchasing Muslim clothes on Sedia Toko Peureulak East Aceh. The sample in this study was 96 consumers, and the analysis equipment used simple linear regression equations, partial t-test, correlation coeffi cient, and determination coeffi cient testing. Based on the research results obtained by Y = 10.018 + 0,567X, testing coeffi cient correlation of 0.569, testing the determination coeffi cient 0.324 and testing hypotheses in the obtained tcount > ttable or 6.716 > 1.985 and tsig < 5% or 0.00 < 0.05. Thus the hypothesis of allegedly effect buying interest to decision purchasing Muslim clothes in East Aceh Peureulak Sedia Toko accepted.

The method of trophy assessment of capercaillies

The capercaillie as one of the most important hunting objects in Russia has not yet been included in the list of esti-mated hunting trophies due to the lack of an acceptable assessment methodology. The aim of the work is to develop a method for assessing the trophy advantages of a capercaillie. The objects of the study were morphological indicators which expressed the size and the age of the birds caught. The study involved 39 stuffed animals of capercaillie, 47 carcasses of freshly caught birds and 105 skulls from research collections. Measurement of taxidermy products (stuffed animals and museum carcasses) gives inaccurate information about the fowl caught. It is preferable to use the skull of a male capercaillie as a trophy. In the system of the International Council for the Hunting and Preservation of the Wildlife (CIC) the traditional measurements of the skull are the maximum length and width. In trophy animals, the scull size sufficiently reflects the sum of these indicators, therefore they are chosen for trophy assessment. For capercaillie, the correlation of similar pro-meters with body weight was not so close r = 0.489. In authors’ opinion, the assessment method should include the size of the interorbital space as an addi-tional parameter. This measurement is used in methods for determining the age of capercaillies caught. The formula for scoring is the product of the interorbital space by the sum of the maximum length and width of the skull. The correlation coeffi-cient between the trophy rating by this formula and the bird weight in this study is rm = 0.931, and the trophy rating and age rv = 0.920. The intervals of the final points for awarding the medals are: bronze  55-59.99 points, silver  60-64.99, gold  more than 65 points. This assessment system was successfully tested at two exhibitions of hunting trophies held in the Kirov region in 2017, and was approved by expert commissions.

Change of skin electrical activity during osteopathic correction with the use of biodynamical approach

Introduction. In connection with the widespread introduction of osteopathy into practical medicine, new facts confi rming its effectiveness are appearing. These facts need theoretical justifi cation. The biodynamic approach is the least studied and scientifi cally proven approach in osteopathy. There are only a few works describing the benefi cial effects of this type of treatment on the autonomic nervous system based on an assessment of heart rate variability. One of the most sensitive indicators of changes in the state of the body is the electrical activity of the skin (EAS), which is widely used in modern polygraphic devices.Goal of research — to investigate the EAS in the physician and in the patient during the session of craniosacral biodynamics (CSB).Materials and methods. The study involved 32 patients who were randomly divided into 2 groups — control group (10 patients) and main group (22 patients). In the control group there were 8 women and 2 men aged from 20 to 65 years (mean age 42±20 years). In the main group, 16 women and 6 men aged from 18 to 68 years (mean age 40±16 years) were examined. Two professional certifi ed computerized polygraphs «Chris» were used, simultaneously recording the EAS values of the doctor and the patient. In the main group, the background indicators were recorded at the fi rst stage (10 minutes), then the procedure of the CSB, which lasted 20 minutes, was recordered. The control group was used only for registration of EAS. At the same time, patients were in the same conditions as in the main group.Results. During the CSB, the state of both the doctor (p<0,001) and the patient (p<0,001) has changed signifi cantly. At the same time, the tendency of changes in individual indicators of EAS in patients during treatment was logical. The altered state of the physician practically did not depend on its original level (p>0,05). However, there was a high relationship between the states of the doctor during contact and non-contact treatment (correlation coeffi cient 0,80, p<0,001). The patient′s initial condition had a moderate, statistically signifi cant relationship with his condition during the treatment (p<0,001). Since the beginning of the craniosacral biodynamics, the patient′s condition has hardly changed. At the same time, the contactless impact on the patient′s body was comparable with the contact effect (correlation coeffi cient 0,97, p<0,001). There was no signifi cant relationship between the states of the physician and the patient before the beginning of the treatment (correlation coeffi cient 0,18, p>0,05). However, in the process of craniosacral biodynamics, a statistically signifi cant relationship was formed between them with a correlation coeffi cient for non-contact exposure equal to 0,49 (p<0,01) and for contact exposure — 0,34 (p<0,05). Biodynamic treatment statistically signifi cantly improved the state of the autonomic nervous system.Conclusion. The study of the electrical activity of the skin in craniosacral biodynamics is a highly informative method, which allows to verify and quantify the changes occurring in the patient and in the physician during the treatment.