Effect of Attractants and Micronutrient Biofortification on the Yield and Quality of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Seeds

The aim of the research was to develop an innovative technique in the seed production of red clover. The research was carried out in 2013–2016, in Felin (51°22′ N, 22°65′ E), in a dependent arrangement (split-split-plot) in four replications. The first order factor was the use of an attractant: (1) control object, with pure water spraying, (2) attractant used in the 60 BBCH phase, (3) attractant applied twice—in the 60 and 65 phase, in the BBCH scale. The factor of the second order was fertilization: (a) standard object with PK fertilization; (b) fertilization with microelements (B + Mo) against the background of constant PK fertilization. The use of attractant ‘Pollinus’ preparation in the cultivation of red clover, both once and twice, in the form of spraying on plants, contributed to an increase in the seed yield, number of heads, share of seeds in the head, thousand seeds weight, and seed germination capacity, compared to the control object. Elements of the red clover yield structure achieved more favorable values with foliar feeding (B + Mo) compared to the standard one. Under the influence of plant biofortification with boron and molybdenum, the number of seeds infected with fungal pathogens and abnormally germinating decreased.

Effect of fertilization on the distribution of root phytomass and the yield of meadow stands

In 1998–2000 the effect of fertilization on the quantity, stratification of root phytomass and yields of dry mass on mesophyte meadow stands was studied. The root dry matter in the soil depth of 0.0–0.25 m was oscillated and the extreme values in individual samplings were found in 1998 (402–702 g/m²). In 1999 and 2000 the oscillating minimum and maximum values of dry root phytomass in all were 418–622 g/m², 423–678 g/m²,respectively. The mean values of dry root mass in unfertilized treatments ranged from 484 to 540 g/m². PK increased the values insubstantially (507–565 g/m²). The higher nitrogen dose (200 kg/ha) decreased predominantly the total quantity of dry root phytomass by 36–102% was found in the control treatments, compared in the yield of dry harvestable above-ground mass. In the systematic P₄₀K₁₀₀ fertilization the root weight in slightly moistenyears (1998 and 2000) was by 18–70% higher in comparison with the dry year 1999 when the root mass was 24% less. In the fertilization 200 kg/ha N(+PK) in the first two years of studies the root phytomass was less by 12% and 38% compared with the yield of the dry meadow fodder. The mean representation of root phytomass in the soil layer 0.0–0.1 m was in 1999–2000 in the control and PK treatments nearly the same, and created 88% from the total quantity. N(+PK) fertilization caused the displacement of the root phytomass towards the surface.

Effects of fertilization and weather condition on grass stand composition changes of Sanguisorba–Festucetum comutatae association

The paper works at fertilization influence and weather conditions on the stand composition of Sanguisorba–Festucetum comutatae association. Paper evaluations the economic efficiency of NPK fertilization too. The monitor grass stand is situated in the Bohemian–Moravian Highlands at an altitude 553 m a.s.l. Non-fertilization grass stand, grass stand fertilization with PK, grass stand fertilization with 90 kg ha–1 N+PK, grass stand fertilization with 180 kg ha–1 N+PK were compared. Proportion of component arts and agro botanic categories in the take away fodder were monitored. In the paper are evaluated years 2003–2005. Precipitation subnormal (661 mm) was year 2003. Supernormal precipitations (852 mm, respectively 861 mm) were years 2004 and 2005. The grass proportion was by all fertilization variants higher in the years 2004 and 2005. The herb proportion was higher in the year 2003. The grasses dominated most of all by the fertilization grass stand with 180 kg ha–1 N + PK, especially Alopecurus pratensis L. By the non-fertilization grass stand dominated Festuca rubra L. Its proportion was by the non-fertilization grass stand significant (P<0.05) higher than fertilization grass stands. The herbs dominated by non-fertilization grass stand. Significant (P<0.05) higher proportion was first of all by Carex ssp. and Ranunculus acris L. Bistorta major S. F. GRAY was represented in the first instance by the nitrogen fertilization grass stand but difference between non-fertilization grass stand and fertilization grass stands was not statistic significant. Most legumes were by the PK fertilization grass stand. Trifolium repens L. was dominated. Significant (P<0.05) higher proportion was by the PK fertilization grass stand. The PK fertilization merged as effective. Coefficient of economic efficiency was 2.04 and profits 1 653 Kč t–1.