The inflationary wavefunction from analyticity and factorization

We study the analytic properties of tree-level wavefunction coefficients in quasi-de Sitter space. We focus on theories which spontaneously break dS boost symmetries and can produce significant non-Gaussianities. The corresponding inflationary correlators are (approximately) scale invariant, but are not invariant under the full conformal group. We derive cutting rules and dispersion formulas for the late-time wavefunction coefficients by using factorization and analyticity properties of the dS bulk-to-bulk propagator. This gives a unitarity method which is valid at tree-level for general n-point functions and for fields of arbitrary mass. Using the cutting rules and dispersion formulas, we are able to compute n-point functions by gluing together lower-point functions. As an application, we study general four-point, scalar exchange diagrams in the EFT of inflation. We show that exchange diagrams constructed from boost-breaking interactions can be written as a finite sum over residues. Finally, we explain how the dS identities used in this work are related by analytic continuation to analogous identities in Anti-de Sitter space.

Constant painful point in diseases of the liver and biliary tract. Sabatini (after ref. F. Chir., 1926, no. 1)

A constant painful point in diseases of the liver and biliary tract lies, according to Sabatini (according to ref. F. Chir., 1926, No. 1), in the X or XI intercostal space of the right side between the paravertebral and scapular lines, corresponding to the "lower point of the liver". Specified point, by authorv. has an important diagnostic value, especially in subacute cholecystitis.

An Economic Analysis of Milk Production Across Different Herd Sizes of Buffaloes and Crossbred Cows in Middle Gujarat

Background: Dairy farming has been emerging as an important commercial enterprise in India as milk is an essential commodity where majority of the population is vegetarian. Milk production plays an important role in the rural economy with particular focus on landless, marginal and small farmers who constitute core milk production system in the country. Therefore, the current study was aimed to analyse milk production across different herd sizes of buffaloes and crossbred cows in Middle Gujarat.Methods: This study is based on the primary data collected from the dairy farmers during the agricultural year 2018-19 by interviewing the respondents through a pre-tested structured schedule from 240 respondents spread over 24 villages of Anand, Kheda and Panchmahal districts of Middle Gujarat. Conclusion: The present investigation indicated that for increasing farmer’s income and eventually livelihood, rearing of crossbred cows should be encouraged in the study area as they have edge over buffaloes in net returns. Break-even analysis indicated that crossbred cow owners were able to cover their total expenditure at a lower point than the buffalo owners due to the fact that the crossbred owners realized higher milk production as compared to buffalo owners.

Evaluation of Sensitivity in Specific Points of the Areola and Nipple of Patients Submitted to Reduction Mammoplasty With Periareolar Dermis Release: A Randomized Controlled Study

Background To date studies on periareolar dermis release have recorded the areola sensitivity as a mean. Despite being clinically reported by patients, specific points in the areola may present sensitivity not detected by the researcher when it is analyzed through a mean value. Objectives To analyze the pressure sensitivity at specific points of the areola-nipple complex and compare it with a mean value in the areola of patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty with periareolar dermis release. Methods This is a prospective, randomized and controlled and trial of 39 consecutive patients (78 breasts) who underwent surgery for treatment of breast hypertrophy. The patients were operated on using the same surgical technique. In each patient, one breast belonged to a control group and the other to an experiment group. The periareolar dermis release was performed in the experiment group (39 breasts). Pressure sensitivity was tested with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments on the papilla and at four specific points of the areola. The evaluations were conducted at preoperative, postoperative occasions of three and six weeks, and one year. Results The group comparisons show statistically significant difference of sensitivity at the medial point of the areola and in the papilla at three weeks after operation. This difference disappeared in the one-year evaluation. This recovery profile also occurs when areola sensitivity corresponds to a mean value. The sensitivity significantly decreased at the lower point of the areola up to one year after operation in the control and experiment groups. Conclusion The periareolar dermis release did not compromise the pressure sensitivity at points evaluated in NAC. The areola sensitivity was different when corresponded to a mean value from that at the lower point.

The COVID States Project #12: Executive approval update

The August wave of our COVID States survey indicates a continued gradual decline in approval of governors’ management of COVID-19, and a small improvement in President Trump’s management of COVID-19. The average governor saw their approval slip another 3 points in the last month, to 48% approval (versus 63% in late April). President Trump, who started from a much lower point, rebounded slightly from his low point of approval of 32% in July to 34% in August. See Figure 1 and Table 1 for trends in approval for governors by state, and Figure 1 and Table 2 for trends in approval for President Trump. The governors of Maryland, Massachusetts, and Connecticut are all at 65% approval or above. States with governors that have notably low approval ratings (below 40%) include Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Hawaii, Idaho, Mississippi, Oregon, Oklahoma, Missouri, South Carolina, and Texas. Governors who have suffered particularly precipitous drops in the last month include the governors of California (Newsom), Virginia (Northam), and Florida (DeSantis). Newsom dropped from 58% approval to 47%, Northam from 59% to 46%, and DeSantis from an already low 40% to 29%. Notably, despite the general stability in presidential approval, Trump’s approval in Florida of his management of COVID-19 also dropped sharply, from 39% to 29%.

Symmetric reduction of high-multiplicity one-loop integrals and maximal cuts

We derive useful reduction formulae which express one-loop Feynman integrals with a large number of external momenta in terms of lower-point integrals carrying easily derivable kinematic coefficients which are symmetric in the external momenta. These formulae apply for integrals with at least two more external legs than the dimension of the external momenta, and are presented in terms of two possible bases: one composed of a subset of descendant integrals with one fewer external legs, the other composed of the complete set of minimally-descendant integrals with just one more leg than the dimension of external momenta. In 3+1 dimensions, particularly compact representations of kinematic invariants can be computed, which easily lend themselves to spinor-helicity or trace representations. The reduction formulae have a close relationship with D-dimensional unitarity cuts, and thus provide a path towards computing full (all-ϵ) expressions for scattering amplitudes at arbitrary multiplicity.

The development of the modeling of the BHA for directional drilling

The article discusses the development of technology for directional drilling of oil and gas wells in the perspective of modeling downhole operations. The most significant mathematical models developed by Soviet and foreign scientists in the XX century are listed. An example of calculating the reaction on a bit based on the most widely used method of initial parameters is shown. In the process of a typical calculation of the deflecting force on the bit, it was possible to set the boundary conditions on the bottom hole assembly (BHA) supports in a natural form, using a well-known approach for calculating the deflection of the beam. The obtained results of calculations were applied in the construction of a simulation model for computer simulation based on a virtual program-simulator of the drilling directional wells. The simulating software allowed us to evaluate the effect of the Zenith angle of the well and the rigidity of the oriented layout on the deflecting force on the bit, the deflection of the turbo drill along the length from the bit to the nearest lower point of contact of the well wall.

COVID-19 Outbreaks and Age Mortality Patterns

As of the Fall of 2020, many countries are still fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. After the painful first massive wave in the Spring, more and more of them are facing the new outbreaks of varying impact. Understanding the mortality pattern associated with such subsequent outbreaks would help governments better prepare and save lives. These secondary outbreaks are still quite new to the scientists as the data have not been sufficient to identify robust trends. By now, US is dealing with the second outbreak of large magnitude and statistically significant analyses are finally possible. We have analyzed the weekly mortality death counts for various ages in US for the entire COVID-19 pandemic duration. Three somewhat related features involving age at death have been extracted: a) COVID-19 average age at death, b) fraction of deaths at ages 65+, and c) slope of age gradient regression line on the logarithmic scale. It turns out that during the outbreak the mortality age gradient is undergoing the following changes: a) average age at death at the peak is 4-5 years higher than at the lower point; b) fraction of deaths of 65+ is by approximately 10% higher, and c) the higher slope of the age gradient translates into an extra death risk of 5.8% every year. In other words, risks, to which an elderly population is exposed during all phases of the pandemic, rise sharply during and right after the outbreak peaks.

COVID-19 Outbreaks and Age Mortality Patterns

As of the Fall of 2020, many countries are still fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. After the painful first massive wave in the Spring, more and more of them are facing the new outbreaks of varying impact. Understanding the mortality pattern associated with such subsequent outbreaks would help governments better prepare and save lives. These secondary outbreaks are still quite new to the scientists as the data have not been sufficient to identify robust trends. By now, US is dealing with the second outbreak of large magnitude and statistically significant analyses are finally possible. We have analyzed the weekly mortality death counts for various ages in US for the entire COVID-19 pandemic duration. Three somewhat related features involving age at death have been extracted: a) COVID-19 average age at death, b) fraction of deaths at ages 65+, and c) slope of age gradient regression line on the logarithmic scale. It turns out that during the outbreak the mortality age gradient is undergoing the following changes: a) average age at death at the peak is 4-5 years higher than at the lower point; b) fraction of deaths of 65+ is by approximately 10% higher, and c) the higher slope of the age gradient translates into an extra death risk of 5.8% every year. In other words, risks, to which an elderly population is exposed during all phases of the pandemic, rise sharply during and right after the outbreak peaks.

Perancangan Sarana Mobilitas Hijau Berbasis Teknologi Tepat Guna Sebagai Ikon Ecotourism Di Desa Suroteleng, Selo, Boyolali

Suroteleng Village (Selo Subdistrict, Boyolali Regency, Central Java) is located between the slopes of Mount Merapi to the north and the slopes of Mount Merbabu to the south. This makes Suroteleng Village potentially as a strategic ecotourism destination. Nevertheless, the local government wants to have a distinctive tourism identity, and downhill biking (cycling from the top of the mountain slope to the lower point) is proposed to be an iconic nature tourism activity in the village. Therefore it is necessary to design mobility facilities, which can facilitate tourists to easily be able to get to the starting point of cycling, which is located on the upper slopes of the mountain. The mobility facility was designed based on two aspects, namely: 1) System design theory (system engineering), and 2) Global Sustainable Tourism Council Destination Criteria; so that it meets the requirements as a green mobility based on appropriate technologies and become icon in the ecotourism area of Suroteleng Village.