scholarly journals Medical Management of Milk Fever in a Crossbred Cow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rajadurai ◽  
K. Chinnamani ◽  
D. Anandha Prakash Singh ◽  
N. Kumaravelu
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Uterine Prolapse ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Crossbred Cow

Background: The livestock sector contributes nearly 17.1% of the value of output at current prices in Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry sector. The overall contribution of Livestock Sector in total GDP was nearly 5.1% during 2019-20. Dairying in India is witnessing transformation from traditional production system to either semi-commercial or commercial production system, which requires high producing dairy animals. Losses associated with milk fever are due to deaths, reduction in the productive lifespan of affected cow and reduction in milk production following each milk fever episode, as well as costs of prevention and treatment. It has been reported that about one in 20 affected cows, dies due to milk fever. Further, milk fever can contribute to dystocia, uterine prolapse, retained fetal membranes, metritis, abomasal displacement and mastitis leading to serious economic loss. Methods: A Jersey crossbred cow on its sixth parity was presented with the history indicated that the animal had calved 45 days ago and was semi-intensively managed. The daily production of milk was abou 15 liters. Physical examination revealed the temperature and pulse rate were within the normal range, but there was increased in respiratory rate and a dehydration status of 5%. The dairy cow was diagnosed with milk fever and treatment was done by slowly infusing 400 ml of Calcium borogluconate into the jugular vein over a period of 10-20 minutes. Intravenous infusion of 1000 ml 0.9% NaCl and 2000 ml of 25% glucose were instituted in order to restore blood glucose level and to correct the dehydration. Result: The animal recovered after the treatment, thus the prognosis was good and supportive therapy was continued for three days and animal had an uneventful recovery.

scholarly journals Successful management of Keratoconjunctivitis in goats in Chennai

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1196-1198
Author(s):  
G.R. Athira ◽  
D. Chandrasekaran ◽  
C.S. Arunaman ◽  
N.R. Senthil ◽  
S. Vaiaramuthu
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Present study was undertaken to study the management of keratoconjunctivitis in five non- descriptive female goats presented to Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Tamil Nadu with the history of gradual clouding of eyes and partial loss of vision after 15 days from kidding. On clinical examination, the present study observed purulent discharge from eyes and congested conjunctival mucous membrane of goats with other clinical parameters which were normal. Eye examination showed creamy white spot and opacity of corneal opacity with absence of reflexes such as menace, papillary light reflex (PLR) and with partial blindness. Hemato biochemical parameters showed normal values except neutrophilia. Sterile ocular swabs were collected and the organism was identified as Morexella bovis based on their colony morphology and biochemical tests. Based on the Antibiotic sensitivity test (ABST), the affected goats were treated with sensitive antibiotics, eye drops and supportive therapy and the affected goats showed clinical improvement followed by uneventful recovery after one week and prevent further complications such as corneal ulceration and blindness, which in turn affects the economy of the farmer.

scholarly journals Economic impact of caprine and ovine brucellosis in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Ahmed ◽  
M. G. Osmani ◽  
A. K. M. A. Rahman ◽  
M. M. Hasan ◽  
A. A. Maruf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
And Control

Background: Brucellosis is one of the ancient re-emerging zoonotic diseases which play a significant economic impact on public health and livestock sector. Many studies were carried out on the epidemiology of the disease recently but economic importance was not focused on those studies. This study was conducted to determine the true prevalence and economic impact of caprine and ovine brucellosis in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic study covering all upazilas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh was conducted during the period from January to December, 2016. The data related to age, sex, abortion record and reproduction disorders were also collected on the sampling day using a questionnaire. Blood samples ( n=2593) were collected from randomly selected native goat and sheep where Rose Bengal Test, Rapid Brucella AB test kit and MAb-ELISA (Monoclonal antibody based blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) were used to identify the positive reactors. Results: The prevalence of caprine and ovine brucellosis was estimated to be 1.6% whereas it was found to be 1.56% and 1.64 % in goats and sheep respectively. The prevalence data was incorporated to the economic model to quantify the financial loss due to brucellosis. The total losses attributed to the disease was 48436400 taka (605455 US$) annually in the district whereas 46462900 taka (580786.25 US$) and 1973500 taka (24668.75 US$) in goat and sheep respectively. Conclusions: The study concluded that brucellosis silently constitutes economic loss to the economy of the country and the producers due to insufficient knowledge and inadequate diagnostic facilities, lack of awareness and an effective prevention and control strategy.

scholarly journals СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА ДОЦІЛЬНІСТЬ УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВО-ВИРОБНИЧИМИ СИСТЕМАМИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Г. С. Ліхоносова
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Logical Content

The author's opinion on developing criteria of expediency of management of financial and economic processes in the country is given in the article. There are parallels between the usefulness and benefits of managing financial and production systems. The purpose of the article is to justify the socioeconomic feasibility of managing financial and production systems through the use of the socially useful factor of the production system and the display of utility as a principle of priority at the level of formal statement of the fact of the availability of the effectiveness or possible size of the economic loss. The object of the study is financial-production systems in terms of their ability to form social utility. Methods used in the research are a systematic approach, a method of generalization, comparison, logical-content method, monographic method, methods of induction and deduction. The hypothesis of research the profitability of a functioning company depends on the variant of economic policy, which is formed at the expense of the economic structure and social utility of its sphere of production, that is, its economic efficiency. The statement of basic materials. Social utility is justified as a key indicator to be guided by in making managerial decisions in the field of economics and finance. Homeostasis does not perform the function of optimizing the production system, but only balances the ratio of reduction and compensation of value in this system. As a result, the continuity of production is achieved, that is, the conditions are always satisfied at the presence of positive value in each production element at a certain level of non-productive consumption of labor costs. Originality and practical significance of the research is to develop a scheme for managing the production system, taking into account social utility, as well as mathematical interpretation of the systemic and homeostasis of the production system. Conclusions of research are reasonable, economic indicators of the production system can be used only for the operational evaluation of performance, but cannot be the basis for predicting the social performance of the financial and production system.

scholarly journals Benchmarking calving management practices on western Canada cow–calf operations1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1446-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M Pearson ◽  
Edmond A Pajor ◽  
Nigel A Caulkett ◽  
Michel Levy ◽  
John R Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract: Benchmarking current calving management practices and herd demographics in the western Canadian cow–calf production system helps to fill the gap in knowledge and understanding of how this production system works. Further investigation into the relationships between management decisions and calf health may guide the development of management practices and protocols to improve calf health, especially in compromised calves after a difficult birth. Therefore, the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to describe current calving management practices on western Canadian cow–calf ranches and to investigate the association of herd demographics with herd-level incidence of calving assistance, morbidity, mortality, and use of calving and colostrum management practices. Cow–calf producers were surveyed in January 2017 regarding herd inventory and management practices during the 2016 calving season. Ninety-seven of 110 producers enrolled in the western Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network responded. Average herd-level incidence of assisted calvings was 4.9% (13.5% heifers, 3.2% cows), stillbirths was 2.1% (3.3% heifers, 1.9% cows), preweaning mortality was 4.5%, and preweaning treatment for disease was 9.4% (3.0% neonatal calf diarrhea, 3.8% bovine respiratory disease, 2.6% other diseases). Greater than 90% of producers assisted calvings and would intervene with colostrum consumption if the calf did not appear to have nursed from its dam. Late calving herds (i.e., started calving in March or later) had significantly lower average herd-level incidence of assistance, treatment for disease, and mortality (P < 0.05). In earlier calving herds (i.e., started calving in January or February) producers had shorter intervals between checking on dams for signs of calving or intervening to assist with a calving (P < 0.05). In early calving herds, producers were more likely to perform hands-on colostrum management techniques such as placing the cow and calf together or feeding stored, frozen colostrum (P < 0.05). There were no associations between herd size and herd-level incidences or management techniques (P > 0.05). This study suggests that in western Canada earlier calving herds are more intensively managed, whereas later calving herds are more extensively managed. Herd demographics may be important to consider when investigating factors associated with management strategies, health, and productivity in cow–calf herds.

The Canadian Pacific DGRMS: The First Use of Deployable GRMS in a Production Mode

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Bloom ◽  
Ron Gagne
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Production Mode ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Canadian Pacific Railway

The Deployable GRMS (DGRMS), which is capable of testing gage restraint at 50 mph, was originally developed for the FRA in 2004. Gage Restraint Measurement systems use a hydraulically loaded split axle to laterally push outward on each rail to expose gage restraint weaknesses. The DGRMS is the first system to utilize a deployable fifth axle instead of a running axle for this purpose. The FRA prototype system has been used in FRA research projects but not in a year-round daily production mode. Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) procured the first production system that was installed on a box car and placed the system into service in February 2009. The first six months of service was used for equipment shakedown which resulted in a robust daily production system. The resultant system is being used year-round by CP, even on snow-covered rails. This paper describes the CP experience, the results of the test program, and new improvements in the technology.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from intensively managed peat soils in an arable production system

2017 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E. Taft ◽  
Paul A. Cross ◽  
Gareth Edwards-Jones ◽  
Edwin R. Moorhouse ◽  
Davey L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Production System ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Intensively Managed

scholarly journals Assessing Damages to Built and Natural Environments: Linking Hydrodynamic and Geospatial Enviro-Economical Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanadi S. Rifai ◽  
Amin Kiaghadi ◽  
Daniel W. Burleson
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Compound Event ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Release Location

In this study, a novel framework was developed to provide a holistic damage assessment caused by severe hydrologic events whether individually or as a compound event. The novel framework uses a developed hurricane-specific water quality model, Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code-Storm Surge model (EFDC-SS) and an ArcGIS-based framework, the Facility Economic Damage and Environmental Release Planning (FEDERAP) to assess damages to the built and natural environment. The developed framework could be used to compare different hurricanes and storms with a focus on land inundation, spill destination in both land and water and their associated risks, as well as economic loss including both physical and secondary losses. The results showed different spreading mechanisms during surge and rainfall-based hurricanes. While storm surge pushed contaminants (from spills) upstream, the rainfall-based hurricane caused a larger footprint of contamination on land. Though different in spreading patterns, spills during both hurricane types can widely spread miles away from the release location in a very short period of time. The FEDERAP economic loss model showed that facility area, average land elevation, the number of storage tanks and process units at the facility, and daily production are key drivers in the calculated total losses for a given hydrologic event.

scholarly journals Conventional and molecular diagnosis of Campylobacteriosis associated with bovine abortion

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiswarya N ◽  
Binu K. Mani ◽  
Surya Sankar ◽  
Mini M ◽  
Unnikrishnan M. P.
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Campylobacteriosis is responsible for genital tract infections of beef and dairy herds, causing a significant economic loss in livestock sector. Campylobacter foetus species is one of the important pathogens because of its potential impact in Veterinary and Human health. This study was designed to determine the regional incidence of C. foetus infection in Kerala, India by isolation, detection of C. foetus in clinical samples by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), real time PCR (qPCR), and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the detection of C. foetus antibodies in sera of bovines with the history of abortion/infertility. Clinical samples (aborted materials (50), serum (50), Cervico-Vaginal Mucus (CVM) (30) and semen samples (30)) from a total of 160 cattle and buffaloes with the history of abortion and infertility were collected. Aborted materials including placenta, foetal membranes, liver, lungs and stomach contents of the aborted foetus, semen and CVM samples were processed and subjected to isolation and identification of Campylobacter foetus subsp. foetus (Cff) and Campylobacter foetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) and molecular confirmation by PCR and qPCR respectively. Serum samples from aborted dams were tested using indirect ELISA. All the suspected clinical samples were found negative for Cff and Cfv on both culturing and PCR. All the serum samples tested were negative by ELISA as well. Conclusively the study indicated the infection of C. foetus spp. responsible for abortion in bovine are rare in the location where the study was conducted, which might be due to insignificant endemic levels. As per the breeding policy, only artificial insemination is practiced in Kerala in bovines, which is often considered as a simple control method for Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis (BGC) and might be one of the factors that prevented extensive spread of C. foetus spp. infection.

scholarly journals The Legal Environment Facing Economic Agents in Production

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janie S. Hipp ◽  
Harriet F. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Production Agriculture

Agriculture has seen a steady movement toward the increased use of contracts. Agricultural contracts now guide the interrelationships of parties throughout the modern production system, extending well beyond the livestock sector. With this predominance come new issues that require us to reexamine contract theory and the roles of the parties. This review examines legislation, regulations, and recent court rulings in seemingly unrelated areas that have specific relationships to the development of contracts in production agriculture: environmental law and labor law.

Suitability of simplified methods for monthly and twice-monthly milk recording, and new prediction factors for the alternate a.m./p.m. method in dairy ewes under a low-input production system

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Houcine Othmane ◽  
Latifa Trabelsi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production System ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Sicilo-Sarde dairy flock test-day data were analysed (1) to check predicting ability of ten milk recording procedures, based on information from a single monthly or bimonthly milking and (2) to look for the best pair of factors for predicting daily milk yield from either morning or afternoon milkings for the alternate testing method (AT). Prior to analyses, data were adjusted for variation factors with known significant effect. Number of test-day observations was 4755 from 458 lactations of 288 ewes. Losses of precision associated with simplified methods were evaluated by comparing estimated lactation yields with those observed both in a reference plan, where the two daily milkings were recorded at 2-weekly intervals and in the official A4 milk recording (monthly recording of the two daily milkings). Ranking of simplified plans based on their accuracy was still the same under either monthly or twice-monthly frequency. Estimates of lactation yields showed more lack of precision when the usual monthly designs were compared with twice-monthly sampling of both a.m. and p.m. milkings. Losses of precision ranged from 5·1%, for the A4 plan, to 14·6%. Thus, milk production should be estimated from both mikings when their measurement is economically feasible. When only one milking is weighed, designs based on—or beginning with—the a.m. milking were more accurate. There was no evidence of improvement in sampling accuracy by adjustment for milking interval or production level. For practical and economic reasons, the design alternating a.m. and p.m. milkings, without adjustment, is suggested for ovine milk recording. In such a case, new factors for estimating daily production from the measured milking (1·7, 2·3) should be used rather than the factors currently in use (2, 2) because they improved the loss of precision by more than 13% in a monthly recording system.

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