Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie bluzhdayushchih nervov u pacientov s bolezn'yu Parkinsona

Bolezn' Parkinsona (BP) yavlyaetsya mul'tisistemnym zabolevaniem, pri kotorom nejrodegenerativnye izmeneniya s nakopleniem α-sinukleina zatragivayut volokna bluzhdayushchih nervov (BlN). Cel'yu dannoj raboty bylo provesti ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie (UZI) ploshchadi poperechnogo secheniya (PPS) BlN u pacientov s BP. V issledovanie voshli 32 bol'nyh BP (15 muzhchin i 17 zhenshchin; srednij vozrast 58 ± 10 let) i 32 cheloveka kontrol'noj gruppy, sopostavimye po polu i vozrastu. Vsem issleduemym provodili ul'trazvukovuyu ocenku PPS BlN datchikom vysokogo razresheniya. PPS levogo BlN u pacientov s BP byla men'she po sravneniyu s licami kontrol'noj gruppy (1,78 ± 0,52 mm2 protiv 2,11 ± 0,41 mm2; r = 007), dlya pravogo BlN analogichnoe razlichie polucheno na urovne tendencii. ROC-analiz pokazal, chto porogovaya velichina PPS dlya levogo BlN menee 2,10 mm2 imeet nizkij pokazatel' chuvstvitel'nosti (59%) dlya diagnostiki atrofii nerva pri BP. PPS pravogo BlN byla dostoverno vyshe, chem levogo BlN dlya pacientov obeih grupp (p < 0,001). Pri analize gruppy bol'nyh BP ne vyyavleno zavisimosti PPS BlN ot vozrasta, prodolzhitel'nosti i stadii zabolevaniya, kolichestva ballov pri ocenke po motornoj (UPDRS III) i nemotornoj (NMSQ) shkalam. Pri etom u pacientov s akinetiko-rigidnoj formoj PPS levogo BlN byla znachimo men'she po sravneniyu s pacientami so smeshannoj formoj BP (r < 0,05). Vyyavlena umerennaya obratnaya korrelyaciya PPS levogo BlN s ploshchad'yu giperekhogennosti chernoj substancii s obeih storon (r < 0,04) i na urovne tendencii — dlya pravogo BlN. UZI pacientov s BP pokazalo atroficheskie izmeneniya BlN pri dannom zabolevanii, a takzhe vzaimosvyaz' PPS BlN s klinicheskoj formoj BP i ul'trazvukovymi izmeneniyami chernoj substancii golovnogo mozga.

Skipan og óhæði endurskoðunarnefnda

Endurskoðunarnefndir gegna mikilvægu hlutverki í að tryggja áreiðanleika og óhæði endurskoðunar fyrirtækja. Eitt af meginmarkmiðum með starfsemi nefndanna er að draga úr hættu á fjármálamisferli og efla traust fjárfesta á fjárhagsupplýsingum fyrirtækja og þar með fjármálamörkuðum. Í greininni eru annars vegar birtar niðurstöður rannsóknar á samsetningu endurskoðunarnefnda við einingar tengdar almannahagsmunum á Íslandi og hins vegar eru tiltekin ákvæði laga um endurskoðunarnefndir skýrð með hliðsjón af ESB-rétti. Óvissa hefur verið um túlkun ákvæða um óhæði nefndarmanna í endurskoðunarnefnd en í greininni er það skýrt að mat á óhæði þeirra er sambærilegt hefðbundnu mati á óhæði stjórnarmanna. Sér í lagi geta stjórnarmenn talist óháðir einingunni í skilningi laganna og þar með skipað meirihluta endurskoðunarnefndar. Á Íslandi er algengt að stjórn skipi einn eða fleiri nefndarmenn utan stjórnar í endurskoðunarnefnd og eru nefndarmenn utan stjórnar í 63 af 70 endurskoðunarnefndum. Ekki er gert ráð fyrir þessu fyrirkomulagi í ESB-rétti eða lögum annarra Norðurlanda. Í greininni eru færð rök fyrir því að hin íslenska framkvæmd veiki bæði sjálfstæði og umboð nefndarmanna. Æskilegt er að endurskoðunarnefnd sé eingöngu skipuð stjórnarmönnum, ef þess er kostur, en rétt er þó að innleiða í lög heimild til að hluthafafundur tilnefni nefndarmenn, eins og ESB-réttur gerir ráð fyrir. Ekki er starfandi endurskoðunarnefnd í 32 einingum tengdum almannahagsmunum. Innleiða ætti í lög, eða skýra betur, undanþáguheimildir frá starfrækslu endurskoðunarnefndar, sérstaklega að því er varðar dótturfélög, verðbréfasjóði og sveitarfélög.

Perbandingan Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Cooperative Script dan Make a Match

Dalam proses pembelajaran, seorang pendidik seharusnya menggunakan model pembelajaran yang beragam dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar di sekolah. Model pembelajaran memiliki peran penting dalam kegiatan pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe cooperative script dan make a match pada materi sistem pernapasan manusia. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII-6 yang terdiri dari 25 siswa dan VIII-7 yang terdiri dari 25 siswa. Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe cooperative script diterapkan pada kelas VIII-6 dan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match diterapkan pada kelas VIII-7. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan 4 cara yaitu; (1) tes (2) pengamatan (3) wawancara (4) dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data kuantitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis tingkat ketuntasan belajar, sedangkan analisis data kualitatif digunakan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match memiliki peningkatan ketuntasan belajar klasikal yang lebih tinggi yaitu pada tahap pratindakan: 16%, siklus I: 32% dan siklus II: 92% apabila dibandingkan dengan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar klasikal pada penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe cooperative script dengan jumlah pada tahap pratindakan: 12%, siklus I: 28% dan siklus II: 92%. Saran untuk peneliti lain agar dapat melakukan perbandingan terhadap salah satu model pembelajaran yang diterapkan pada penelitian ini dengan berbagai model pembelajaran lainnya. Diharapkan agar pengetahuan terhadap berbagai perbandingan model pembelajaran dalam jenis penelitian tindakan kelas terus berkembang.

Features of Ceramics of the Kulai Culture (Surgut Variant) of the Barsov gorodok I/32 Site (Surgut-Ob Region)

Purpose. Barsova Gora is a unique archaeological and landscape site located in the Tyumen Region of the Russian Federation. The archaeological site Barsov gorodok I/32 is located on the edge of the bank of Utoplaya river. A visual comparison of the ceramics of the early Iron Age from the Barsov gorodok I/31–32 sites and the ceramics of the Barsov gorodok I/4 site from the east showed their great similarity, if not their identical nature. For a correct comparison and identification of similarities and differences in the ceramics of these sites, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the products of each settlement using a unified technique. The study is devoted to the analysis of ceramics of the Barsov gorodok I/32 site. Results. The most common motifs are rows of ‘ducks’. Other common patterns are: short wavy horizontal and vertical prints (‘birds’ and ‘snakes’), rows of stamp prints, notches and ‘pearls’. There are no non-ornamented dividing zones on the vessels. There are no ornaments in the form of a series of hemotheric figures and meanders. The upper edges of the vessels are flat (28 %) or beveled inward (72%). In 33% of cases, a cornice is present. The ceramics are made from low-sand ferruginous clays with a natural admixture of sand, mica, brown iron ore, and scraps of vegetation. Artificial impurities are represented by chamotte, broken stone and organic matter. Four recipes of clay paste have been revealed: clay + broken stone; clay + broken stone + chamotte; clay + chamotte; clay + chamotte + organic matter. The ceramics are made with ribbons. The shape of the vessels is cauldron-like. Conclusion. The absence of non-ornamented dividing zones, the presence of rows of short wavy horizontal and vertical impressions (‘birds’ and ‘snakes’), the presence of inwardly beveled upper edges of the vessels with ornamented cornices testify to the late existence of this pottery. The ceramics of the Barsov gorodok I/32 site can be attributed to the late stage of the Kulai culture (Surgut variant).

Two new species of Fauveliopsidae (Annelida, Sedentaria) from submarine caves and deep sea, Japan

Two new species of fauveliopsid annelids, Fauveliopsis antri sp. nov. and Laubieriopsis soyoae sp. nov., are described based on specimens collected from Japanese waters. Fauveliopsis antri sp. nov. inhabits submarine caves and can be discriminated from the other congeners by the following features: i) 32 chaetigers, ii) chaetigers 1–3 with stout hooks, iii) minute body (about 1 mm in length), iv) all parapodia with same number of chaetae (2 notochaetae; 2 neurochaetae), and v) presence of dorsal and ventral papillae. Laubieriopsis soyoae sp. nov. inhabits deep water sediments and can be distinguished from the other congeners by: i) 24 chaetigers, ii) chaetigers 1–3 without annulations, and iii) acicular chaetae with tips entire, without denticles.

Is left main percutaneous coronary intervention justified in the presence of concomitant complex coronary artery disease – immediate and remote results – single Bulgarian center experience

Revascularization in patients with severe stenosis of left coronary artery (LCAS) trunk signifi cantly improves their prognosis. Modern clinical studies, registries and meta-analyses have identifi ed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of LCAS as a safe alternative to aorto-coronary bypass (ACB) in patients with low and intermediate lesion complexity. Aims: To confi rm the safety and effectiveness of PCI and implantation of second generation drug eluting stent (DES) in patients with unprotected LCAS and concomitant complex coronary pathology. Material and Methods: For the period March 2013–October 2018 we performed 225 PCIs of patients with LCAS. 170 of patients who received PCI were divided into 2 groups, according to their SS-1 (ST elevation excluded). We analyzed the major adverse cardio-vascular events (MACE – all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, stroke and ischemia driven TLR) rate and time-to-fi rst MACE during follow up. Results: 103 patients had SS-I < 32 and 67 patients had SS-I ≥ 32 and their mean age was 67,25 ± 11,03. The median follow-up was 26,6 ± 19,1 months. MACE rate was 12,4% and there was no signifi cance between groups (p = 0,118). Conclusions: PCI of unprotected LCAS has high procedural success rate and good mid-term results, even in pts with complex anatomy. High anatomical complexity of coronary lesions defi ned by SS-I ≥ 32 is not predictive for poor clinical outcome after PCI.

Right Ventricular Function Assessment in patients with chronic stable angina with Type II DM Versus Non Diabetic Patients by TAPSE and TDI Echocardiography

Background In patients with documented right coronary artery (RCA) lesions, right ventricular function could be affected. In addition, the presence of diabetes mellitus is found to be a risk factor for cardiomyopathy. Objective The aim of the study is to assess the effect of type II DM on RV function in patients with chronic stable angina who have significant RCA lesion, using TAPSE and TDI by echocardiography Patients and Methods One hundred patients who underwent elective coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease and were found to have significant RCA lesion were divided into two groups according to presence of Type II DM. Echocardiography was done for all patients and RV function assessment by TAPSE and TDI was done. Results In our study 100 patients were included; 73 of patients were males and 27 were females with mean age of 56.70 ± 8.51 years. almost one fourth of the candidates were smokers, 23% were ex-smokers and about half of the candidates were non-smokers (51%).About half of the patients were known hypertensive (48%) while the rest were not. As regarding LVEF it ranged between 35-73% with a Mean ± SD of 54.10 ± 8.94, TAPSE ranged between 17-30 mm with a mean ± SD of 22.81 ± 3.08 and S ‘was ranged between 9-19cm/s with a mean ± SD of 13.50 ± 2.24. Comparison between both groups showed that control group (Group I) had a mean age of (57.34 ± 8.74) and 86% were males . All Diabetic patients (Group II) had a mean age of (56.06 ± 8.30) years, (60%) were males. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age and gender. As regarding smoking status in Group II (20%) were smokers and for Group I (32%) . As regarding hypertension, in Group II (72%) were hypertensive and for the Group I (32%) were hypertensive which was significantly different in both groups.The presence of associated significant LAD lesions was found in 52% of Group II and only 32% in Group I, which was significantly differenct between 2 groups. (p = 0.043).As regarding Echocardiographic data, there was no significant difference in both groups regarding TAPSE (P value .629) and S’(P value .247). Conclusions The results of this study shows that TAPSE and S’ showed normal values in patients with chronic stable angina and there was no additional effect for type II D.M.

PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL THROWING DAN JIGSAW PADA MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN MANUSIA DI KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 7 PEMATANG SIANTAR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019

Penelitian ini tentang perbandingan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Snowball Trowing dan Jigsaw pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia di Kelas VIII SMP. Negeri 7 Pematangsiantar Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Snowball Trowing dan Jigsaw pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia di Kelas VIII Pematangsiantar Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Populasi yang menjadi sampel sebanyak 64 siswa dibagi menjadi 2 kelas yang diambil secara cluster random, satu kelas eksperimen I 32 siswa dan satu kelas eksperimen II 32 siswa. Analisis data dengan menghitung harga Mean (M), Standart Deviasi (S) dan Uji Hipotesis menggunakan Uji t.Nilai rata-rata pre test (3,87) dan post test (8,81) pada kelas eksperimen I. Nilai rata-rata pre test (3,59) dan post test (7,78) pada kelas eksperimen II. Jika t hitung > t tabel pada taraf signifikan =0,05 dan derajat kebebasan (62), maka H0 ditolak Ha diterima. Dari pengujian hipotesis pre test diperoleh t hitung (4,86) > t tabel (2,00) artinya, ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Snowball Trowing dan Jigsaw pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia di Kelas VIII SMP. Negeri 7 Pematangsiantar Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.Kata Kunci : Hasil belajar, Jigsaw, Snowball Throwing, Ekosistem