The functionalization of pyrolyzed palm empty fruit bunches-based membranes adsorbent by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

Membranes adsorbent are successfully prepared derived from palm empty fruit bunches (PEFB) which pyrolyzed by furnace as physical activation. The PEFB membrane adsorbent was activated to develop porous structures and surface area which able to be applied for gas separation. The aims of this study are to fabricated the pyrolyzed PEFB-based membrane adsorbent with different loading of PEFB mass to identify the surface organic functional groups of the PEFB membrane adsorbent. Fabrication of this membrane adsorbent was conducted into three steps, i.e. (1) pre-treated PEFB materials; (2) pyrolyzed the PEFB adsorbent at 500°C; and (3) PEFB membrane adsorbent fabrication by mixed both of PVA and PEG polymers into PEFB adsorbent with varied mass (15-17.5 grams). The functionalization of this membrane adsorbents was analysed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectra. The result shows the three variations of the PEFB membrane adsorbents present the surface oxygen, functional group. The effect of PEFB mass loading to the carbon pores formation of PEFB membrane adsorbent was exhibited by the escalating of C-H and C-O groups. The membrane adsorbent by adding 17.5 grams of PEFB mass indicating the highest peak of hydroxyl C-O at wavenumber 1070 cm−1. It demonstrates that membrane adsorbent with high PEFB mass loading and physic activation by pyrolyzing is great to tailoring the membrane adsorbent structure properties which capable to be applied for gas separation, especially for biogas upgrading.

Adsorption of Silicate Anions from Geothermal Brine Using Chitosan-Polyethylene Glycol Composite to Prevent Silica Scaling on the Dieng Geo Dipa Geothermal Energy System

Silica scaling is a common problem in geothermal power generation facilities which inhibits electricity generation. In order to provide a solution to this problem, the removal of silicate ions using CPEG-TOMAC (Chitosan-polyethylene glycol–trioctyl methyl ammonium chloride) membrane adsorbent was investigated for geothermal brine from Geo Dipa Energy, Dieng. The process is dependent on contact time, pH, and the concentration of silicate. An adsorption batch study that used adsorbents for the geothermal brine of the Dieng Geo Dipa reactor 28A showed that CPEG TOMAC at pH 6 resulted in an adsorption capacity of 72.6 mg g–1. Furthermore, the adsorption of silicate ions onto the membrane followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model.

The Modified of Cellulose Through Polyelectrolite Membrane Techniques as Adsorbent Candidate for Removing of Dyes

Disposal of dyestuff into rivers or other water can disrupt the aquatic biota ecosystem in it. Thus the pollution of dyes in the aquatic environment needs to be overcome. One effort to reduce the dye content in water is by making adsorbent membranes based of cellulose which are biomaterials of chitosan and alginate. This aims of study was to make polyelectrolyte membranes from chitosan and alginate which will be applied as adsorbents of textile dyestuffs. The research was done by mixing chitosan gel in 2,5% acetic acid solution with alginat gel in water for 3 hours stirring. The solution then was printed out into a polypropylene container and dried. The formed membrane was characterized using FTIR to identify functional groups, XRD and SEM to analyze their physical characteristic. The results showed that the Chi-Alg membrane adsorbent had stability and resistance to the acidic environment. Characterization results using FTIR showed that the adsorbent has functional group of amine, carboxyl and hydrogen that identify on wave number 1597 cm-1, 1635 cm-1 and 3000-3700 cm-1 respectively. The results of XRD show that the adsorbent was semi crystalline. Furthermore, SEM data shows a solid structure of the adsorbent.