THE CAUSALITIES OF PANDEMIC- A STUDY ON DAILY NEEDS

There are many ongoing debates about the causality of Corona as pandemic, but there should not be asingle debate about the globalized effect of this pandemic on our very basic daily life, including all thesegments of people from different demographical distribution, throughout the world.Though in today’s world, where most of the segments of life like health, education, medical researchand applications, entertainments, employment – are highly connected with highly sensitive globalizedcharacter, so the causalities of this pandemic were to be globalized too.The first and foremost impact of this pandemic was to make the world almost without any movement,just when our life, from each and every ways were to be with more and more speed.We for the very first time, may be for the first time in the modern literal history, with our latesttechnologies, incredible merits, exchanging of knowledge got no attacking way at all against this virus. Itis pathetic that , we the human being , who just before some days , stepped onto Mars , we got to gothe home for our self safety – yes it was the one and only preventive way , that was left before us , tokeep our existence .Very technically, the world got stopped at the very same point, where it was. Except the emergencyservices – each and every steps were stopped. And we got the basic crystal clear guidelines, from bothof our Govt and Medical stuffs that – in place of mass communication we need to adopt and practicethe social distancing system to stay far from each and everyone for basic safety . In place of discoveringthe world, we need to switch our home into world for basic safety. In place of superfast movement, likecommunication, production – we just need no movement for our basic safety.In short, the specialists entitled it as “LOCK DOWN “. Life never came to such a stopping point before.So, to be very technically, we faced something, that was beyond our imagination.The overall experience is almost same everywhere. It is dull. It is regularly monotonous. It is panicked. Itis blind everywhere. No one could escape from it.But still as the world is not based on equalities, same distribution and same vision – so veryautomatically, the impact of this lockdown due to pandemic – varied from place to place, time to time,and person to person.As India is one of the largest countries with human resources, natural prosperities, and one of thebiggest grounds for the investor, so no doubt that the impact of this lockdown in India is one of yetbiggest key factor to the rest of the world. And this impact is not just restricted within any particulararea , rather for the whole world it is going to be the leading area and factor – it may be in the casecommunity transmission , preventive and curative steps against the pandemic , and no doubt for theeconomical structure for the “era after corona “ .So here I started to take a look about the impact of this lockdown on the life of common Indians. Manymore sectors, category of people, and aspects are yet to be added.In my first attempt, I tried to make a survey report by Google Doc. just on 100 persons including variousgrounds to have the very basic line, so that in future we may get more people with different conditionsto judge the overall impact in depth.Before I am going to present the ongoing situations to get basic trend, I am confirming it again, that justan online survey within 100 people is never enough to get the country’s condition. It is just an effort tohave the basic trend and we confirm to add more and more people and more and more sectors, so thatin future, we may get a distinct concept about the ongoing and upcoming changes, those are coming toour daily life and life-based concept and activities.

Statistical regularization for trend detection: an integrated approach for detecting long-term trends from sparse tropospheric ozone profiles

Detecting a tropospheric ozone trend from sparsely sampled ozonesonde profiles (typically once per week) is challenging due to the short-lived anomalies in the time series resulting from ozone's high temporal variability. To enhance trend detection, we have developed a sophisticated statistical approach that utilizes a geoadditive model to assess ozone variability across a time series of vertical profiles. Treating the profile time series as a set of individual time series on discrete pressure surfaces, a class of smoothing spline ANOVA (analysis of variance) models is used for the purpose of jointly modeling multiple correlated time series (on separate pressure surfaces) by their associated seasonal and interannual variabilities. This integrated fit method filters out the unstructured variation through a statistical regularization (i.e., a roughness penalty) by taking advantage of the additional correlated data points available on the pressure surfaces above and below the surface of interest. We have applied this technique to the trend analysis of the vertically correlated time series of tropospheric ozone observations from (1) IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) commercial aircraft profiles above Europe and China throughout 1994–2017 and (2) NOAA GML's (Global Monitoring Laboratory) ozonesonde records at Hilo, Hawaii, (1982–2018) and Trinidad Head, California (1998–2018). We illustrate the ability of this technique to detect a consistent trend estimate and its effectiveness in reducing the associated uncertainty in the profile data due to the low sampling frequency. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis of frequent IAGOS profiles above Europe (approximately 120 profiles per month) to determine how many profiles in a month are required for reliable long-term trend detection. When ignoring the vertical correlation, we found that a typical sampling strategy (i.e. four profiles per month) might result in 7 % of sampled trends falling outside the 2σ uncertainty interval derived from the full dataset with an associated 10 % of mean absolute percentage error. Based on a series of sensitivity studies, we determined optimal sampling frequencies for (1) basic trend detection and (2) accurate quantification of the trend. When applying the integrated fit method, we find that a typical sampling frequency of four profiles per month is adequate for basic trend detection; however, accurate quantification of the trend requires 14 profiles per month. Accurate trend quantification can be achieved with only 10 profiles per month if a regular sampling frequency is applied. In contrast, the standard separated fit method, which ignores the vertical correlation between pressure surfaces, requires 8 profiles per month for basic trend detection and 18 profiles per month for accurate trend quantification. While our method improves trend detection from sparse datasets, the key to substantially reducing the uncertainty is to increase the sampling frequency.

Armalcolite-bearing island arc plagiolherzolites and olivine gabbro-norite-dolerites of the area of Balaklava, Crimea

Armalcolite (Mg,Fe)Ti2O5 is characteristic mineral of titanian basalts of the Moon, as well as lamproites, other alkaline magmatic Earth rocks, impactites and other formations. It is widely represented in island-arc low-alkaline plagiolherzolites and olivine gabbro-norite-dolerites of the Early-Bajocian Pervomaysk–Ayu-Dag complex of mesozoids in Rocky Crimea, specifically, in the littoral Balaklava cliffs near Sevastopol. Crystals of cumulative Mg-olivine contain the inclusions of alumomagnesiochromite and Mg alumochromite in the center and the inclusions of alumochromite partly replaced by chromespinels of the 2nd generation (Ti-Al ferrychromite and chrometitanomagnetite) in the external zones. Chromespinels of the 1st generation are moderately chromic and ferrian (f = 4555), contain 8–14 mass.% Fe2O3 and up to 1,2% TiO2; that sharply distinguishes them from chromespinels of alpinotypes ultrabasic rocks. Chromespinels of the 2nd generation are more ferrian (f = 5875) and contain up to 26 mass.% Fe2O3, 2,5–9% TiO2 and up to 1,8% V2O3. The typical basic trend from ferrian alumomagnesiochromite to chrometitanomagnetite is characteristic for Balaklava chromespinels. Tabular armalcolite crystals are up to 0,60,2 mm included in intercumulus magnesian bronzite and augite, anorthite and bytownite. Balaklava armalcolite contains 63–66 mass.% TiO2, 6,9–8,4% MgO, 9,9–11,7% FeO, 13–18% Fe2O3, up to 1,5% Al2O3 and V2O3, up to 0,7% Cr2O3. The armalcolite formulae is (Mg0,38–0,45Fe2+0,30–0,34Fe3+0,36–0,49V0,04–0,05Al0–0,06Cr0–0,02Ti1,73–1,77)3O5; in minals, molar %: 38–45 MgTi2O5, 31–36 Fe2+Ti2O5, 23–27Fe3+2TiO5. Rare baddeleyite with 1,6–3,1% HfO2(ZrO2:HfO2 = 57–30, av. 44) and zirconolite associate with armalcolite. Zirconolite contains 4–6,5 mass.% Y2O3, 4–8% REE2O3, from traces up to 4,5% ThO2, <0,5% UO2, 0,7–1,4% HfO2 (ZrO2:HfO2 = 47–25, av. 38). The distribution of lanthanides in Balaklava zirconolite is Ce = Nd > Dy > Gd > Sm, Yb, Er, Lu, Tb > Pr. The zirconolite formulae is (Ca0,7Y0,2REE0,1)Zr(Ti1,6Fe2+0,3Fe3+0,1)2O7. The recent formations are ilmenite-I with 5–8 mass.% MgO and 0,3–0,6% MnO, titanomagnetite, hydroxyl-fluorapatite, ilmenite-II, poor in Mg and enriched in Mn. Armalcolite is partly replaced by ilmenite-II. Perhaps, an existence and preservation of armalcolite and zirconolite within the near surface basic intrusions of the Crimean Mountains is caused by poor development of late magmatic processes.

A ESPACIALIZAÇÃO BANCÁRIA NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ: CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA UMA GEOGRAFIA FINANCEIRA - BANKING SPACE IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL: A CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A FINANCIAL GEOGRAPHY

O estudo da rede de agências bancárias tem grande importância, na medida em que essas são o principal meio de acesso e oferta dos serviços bancários e, reveladoras da dinâmica econômica em um dado lugar. Estudos recentes apontam que as agências não se espacializam de modo neutro ou indiferenciado ao longo do território brasileiro e, tendem-se a concentrar em alguns poucos locais considerados atrativos a sua atuação. A consequência disso é a formação de diferentes densidades territoriais no que se refere a presença de agências bancárias. A partir desses referenciais, o presente trabalho tem como preocupação o estudo da rede de agências bancárias no estado do Paraná, de modo a compreender como as agências bancárias estão espacializadas nesse estado, verificando com isso a existência de locais mais e menos atrativos a sua atuação, contribuindo assim para suprir a lacuna de pesquisas sobre uma Geografia Financeira do Estado do Paraná. A pesquisa revelou que a espacialização bancária no estado paranaense não difere da tendência à concentração manifestada em outras escalas, reforçando a tese de que as agências bancárias estão onde há maior drenagem do capital, as cidades mais dinâmicas economicamente. Embora espacializadas de modo extremamente diverso, as agências atuam no Paraná tendo uma tendência básica: a de se localizarem de modo concentrado.ABSTRACTStudies on the bank agencies network are highly relevant due to the fact that they are the main means of access and supply of bank services, revealing the region´s economical dynamics. Analyses have shown that bank agencies do not occupy space in a neutral or indifferent manner within Brazil and a trend towards their concentration in a reduced number of attractive spaces may be perceived. The result is the formation of different territorial densities regarding the presence of agencies banking. Current paper focuses on bank agencies in the state of Paraná, Brazil, to understand how they are spatialized in the state, to discover the existence of places which are more or less appealing for banking and to fill a gap in research work on the Financial Geography in that state. Research reveals that banking space in the state of Paraná does not differ from the concentration trend shown in other areas. The above reinforces the idea that bank agencies exist where the highest capital exchange is extant, or rather, in economically dynamic town and cities. Although extremely different way of spatialized, agencies operating in Paraná with a basic trend: they are located concentrate mode.

Pondering dialectical nature in Indian thoughts

The aim of this paper is to explore the basic trend of Indian thoughts from early date to the present day. This can never be denied that it is dialectics or contradictory approach which might be thought to be the basic tenet of its socio- scientific ameliorations. Dialectics, here, is taken to be synonymous with contradictions or debate. Accordingly, the intention is to show the major contending passions of this land and their reconciliations thereby which become the most pivotal issue for Indian argumentations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pp.v51i1-2.17679

Best-Sellers in Academic Libraries

Libraries have important collection development decisions to make about best-sellers and popular culture materials. A selection of academic libraries was studied to follow the ownership of best-sellers from 1940 to 1990. The trend is to keep a higher percentage of older best-sellers in fiction than newer ones. Nonfiction appears to be more sporadic but still follows this basic trend. With the influx of popular culture studies, scholars potentially could lose valuable resources. From this study, libraries will see that a new set of collection development policies may need to be developed.