Relationship Between Metal Load (Selenium, Arsenic, Molybdenum) of Soil, Plant and Serum of Buffaloes

Presence of hazardous minerals in three major components (soil, forage and buffalo serum) was evaluated for determining extent of metal contamination in Sargodha, Pakistan. Ten soil and forage samples for each season were taken from ten randomly selected sites. 30 grazing buffaloes of �niliravi� breed (calves, non-lactating and lactating) were also sampled randomly from these sites for collection of serum. Heavy metal quantification via atomic absorption spectrophotometry was carried out for selenium, molybdenum and arsenic. Non-significant but positive correlation was found for selenium (Se) concentrations in soil, forage and serum and molybdenum (Mo) concentrations in soil and serum. Negative correlation (p]0.05) was obtained for Mo level between forage-serum and soil-forage which was indicative of molybdenum deficiency in the soil. The results suggested that the heavy metals remained below maximum permissible levels and were non-toxic for the ruminants of the study area.

A critical review on integrating multiple fish biomarkers as indicator of heavy metals contamination in aquatic ecosystem

An immense amount of data is available on biomarkers related to different eco-toxicants. But data on contaminant-specific biomarkers in fishes is sparse. Traditionally, detection and quantification of heavy metals in sediment, water, and biota gave us valuable information on the quantity and the type of heavy metal present in the ecosystem. This information can be utilized to select a heavy metal specific biomarker. For an instance, if Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn) and Cupper (Cu) are at high concentration, then Metallothionein (MT) can be a good candidate biomarker. Along with this, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a very potent indicator of Iron (Fe) and Mercury (Hg) contamination and also Catalase (CAT) is specific for Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) exposure. For these kinds of selection of biomarker, the researchers should know heavy metals type specific biomarker. This review is the small effort towards cumulating the heavy metals type specific biomarker. This demonstrates the exposure and effects of heavy metals in fishes by integrating the heavy metal quantification and biomarker selection.