PARÂMETROS PRODUTIVOS DO MILHO SOB DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM DIFERENTES FASES FENOLÓGICAS NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO

PARÂMETROS PRODUTIVOS DO MILHO SOB DÉFICIT HÍDRICO EM DIFERENTES FASES FENOLÓGICAS NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO SAMUEL SILVA1, AMANDA CIBELE DA PAZ SOUSA2, CARLA SABRINA DA SILVA3, EDMAÍRIS RODRIGUES ARAÚJO4, MARCELO AUGUSTO DA SILVA SOARES5, IÊDO TEODORO6 1Professor do Instituto Federal de Alagoas (IFAL), Campus Piranhas, Av. Sergipe, 1477, 57460-000, Piranhas, Alagoas, Brasil, [email protected] 2 Graduanda em Engenharia Agronômica, Instituto Federal de Alagoas (IFAL), Campus Piranhas, Av. Sergipe, 1477, 57460-000, Piranhas, Alagoas, Brasil, 8° período. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Graduanda em Engenharia Agronômica, Instituto Federal de Alagoas (IFAL), Campus Piranhas, Av. Sergipe, 1477, 57460-000, Piranhas, Alagoas, Brasil, 5° período. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Graduanda em Engenharia Agronômica, Instituto Federal de Alagoas (IFAL), Campus Piranhas, Av. Sergipe, 1477, 57460-000, Piranhas, Alagoas, Brasil, 5° período. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Doutorando em Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Tecnologia da Produção, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, [email protected]. 6 Professor do Centro de Engenharia e Ciências Agrárias (CECA), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, [email protected]. 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do déficit hídrico em diferentes fases fenológicas do milho na região semiárida de Alagoas. O experimento foi conduzido no Instituto Federal de Alagoas, Campus Piranhas, durante os meses de fevereiro a junho de 2019. A partir dos dados coletados nas plantas durante a condução do experimento, foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: análise do efeito dos elementos climáticos sobre a cultura, determinação da produtividade em cada tratamento, avaliação de variáveis da espiga sob o efeito do déficit hídrico e estimativa da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc). As plantas submetidas ao déficit hídrico nas fases de pendoamento e floração sofreram variação no número de grão por espiga e tiveram baixa produtividade quando comparadas às plantas submetidas na fase de grão farináceo. A temperatura e umidade do ar não influenciaram na limitação térmica para o desenvolvimento do milho durante todo o ciclo. Plantas submetidas ao déficit hídrico na fase de pendoamento e floração foram menos produtivas. Palavras-chave: umidade do solo, estresse hídrico, produtividade agrícola. SILVA, S., SOUSA, A. C. P; SILVA, C. S.; ARAÚJO, E. R.; SOARES, M. A. S.; TEODORO, I. PRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF MAIZE UNDER WATER DEFICIT IN DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL PHASES IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of water deficit in different phenological phases of maize in the semiarid region of Alagoas, Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Alagoas, Campus Piranhas, from February to June 2019. From the data collected from the plants during the conduct of the experiment, the following steps were performed: analysis of the effect of climatic elements on the crop, determination of productivity in each treatment, evaluation of growth data and ear variables under the effect of the deficit water, estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and verification of the level of impact of water stress caused in each phonological phase of the culture. The plants subjected to water deficit in the tasseling and flowering phases suffered variation in the number of grains per ear and had low yield compared to the plants submitted to the farinaceous grain phase. The evapotranspiration of the crop, temperature and humidity did not influence the thermal limitation for developing maize throughout the cycle. Plants submitted to water deficit during the planting and flowering phase were less productive. Keywords: soil moisture, hydric stress, yield.

Performance Improvement of ZnSnO Thin-Film Transistors with Low-Temperature Self-Combustion Reaction

Conventional sol-gel solutions have received significant attention in thin-film transistor (TFT) manufacturing because of their advantages such as simple processing, large-scale applicability, and low cost. However, conventional sol-gel processed zinc tin oxide (ZTO) TFTs have a thermal limitation in that they require high annealing temperatures of more than 500 °C, which are incompatible with most flexible plastic substrates. In this study, to overcome the thermal limitation of conventional sol-gel processed ZTO TFTs, we demonstrated a ZTO TFT that was fabricated at low annealing temperatures of 350 °C using self-combustion. The optimized device exhibited satisfactory performance, with μsat of 4.72 cm2/V∙s, Vth of −1.28 V, SS of 0.86 V/decade, and ION/OFF of 1.70 × 106 at a low annealing temperature of 350 °C for one hour. To compare a conventional sol-gel processed ZTO TFT with the optimized device, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TG-DTA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were implemented.

Impacts of thermal limitation on thermoregulatory behaviour and reproductive success in a lizard

Climatic variation can impact populations of ectotherms by altering reproduction, development, and survival. While a warm climate can provide additional thermal opportunities for ectotherms, excessively warm conditions can restrict activity in avoidance of lethal temperatures. However, ectotherms are not necessarily passive to thermal conditions, and often employ flexible thermoregulatory behaviour to accommodate environmental variation. Here, we examine whether the Australian jacky dragon lizard, Amphibolurus muricatus, can compensate for reduced basking opportunity by basking with greater intensity, and how the thermal environment influences reproductive success in females. Overall, there was no compelling evidence for compensatory thermoregulatory behaviour in response to reduced basking opportunity. Moreover, females with reduced thermal opportunities did not produce eggs, although reproductive success was quite low for both groups, so additional factors may have limited reproduction in the colony. This study allows insight into the links between climate and population persistence in wild animals by providing crucial and rare data on how thermal environment impacts reproduction in an egg-laying lizard.

Thermal limits and adaptation in marine Antarctic ectotherms: an integrative view

A cause and effect understanding of thermal limitation and adaptation at various levels of biological organization is crucial in the elaboration of how the Antarctic climate has shaped the functional properties of extant Antarctic fauna. At the same time, this understanding requires an integrative view of how the various levels of biological organization may be intertwined. At all levels analysed, the functional specialization to permanently low temperatures implies reduced tolerance of high temperatures, as a trade-off. Maintenance of membrane fluidity, enzyme kinetic properties ( K m and k cat ) and protein structural flexibility in the cold supports metabolic flux and regulation as well as cellular functioning overall. Gene expression patterns and, even more so, loss of genetic information, especially for myoglobin (Mb) and haemoglobin (Hb) in notothenioid fishes, reflect the specialization of Antarctic organisms to a narrow range of low temperatures. The loss of Mb and Hb in icefish, together with enhanced lipid membrane densities (e.g. higher concentrations of mitochondria), becomes explicable by the exploitation of high oxygen solubility at low metabolic rates in the cold, where an enhanced fraction of oxygen supply occurs through diffusive oxygen flux. Conversely, limited oxygen supply to tissues upon warming is an early cause of functional limitation. Low standard metabolic rates may be linked to extreme stenothermy. The evolutionary forces causing low metabolic rates as a uniform character of life in Antarctic ectothermal animals may be linked to the requirement for high energetic efficiency as required to support higher organismic functioning in the cold. This requirement may result from partial compensation for the thermal limitation of growth, while other functions like hatching, development, reproduction and ageing are largely delayed. As a perspective, the integrative approach suggests that the patterns of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance are linked, on one hand, with the capacity and design of molecules and membranes, and, on the other hand, with life-history consequences and lifestyles typically seen in the permanent cold. Future research needs to address the detailed aspects of these interrelationships.