Future Expectations and Internet Addiction Among Adolescents: The Roles of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Perceived Social Support

Internet addiction is a common and challenging problem among adolescents. Previous studies have shown that future time orientation is an important protective factor against internet addiction. In this study, the mediating effect of intolerance of uncertainty and the moderating role of perceived social support were examined on the association between future expectations, regarded as the “prospective life course” perspective of future time orientation, and internet addiction among adolescents. A total of 1,006 Chinese adolescents (54% male and 46% female; Mage = 15.42 years, SD = 1.32) recruited from middle schools completed questionnaires. Results indicated that future expectations were significantly negatively associated with internet addiction, and the link was mediated by intolerance to uncertainty in adolescents. Further, the latent moderated structural equation showed that perceived social support moderated the association between future expectations and intolerance of uncertainty. The association was significant only for adolescents with a higher level of perceived social support. The findings of this study provide specific guidelines for how to prevent adolescent internet addiction.

The effect of future time orientation on employees’ achievement motivation

The present study examines the role of organizational employees' future time orientation toward their achievement motivation. Using a cross-sectional design, the results of the present study showed that employees who possess a high degree of future time orientation were more likely to possess a higher degree of achievement motivation than participants with lower future time orientation. We discuss the importance and the importance of promoting future time orientation among organizational employees. Penelitian ini menelaah hubungan antara orientasi masa depan terhadap motivasi berprestasi karyawan organisasi. Dengan menggunakan desain cross-sectional, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karyawan yang memiliki derajat orientasi masa depan yang tinggi cenderung memiliki derajat motivasi berprestasi yang lebih tinggi daripada karyawan yang memiliki orientasi masa depan yang rendah. Diskusi kami fokuskan mengenai pentingnya orientasi masa depan pada karyawan dan bagaimana cara memotivasi karyawan untuk meraih prestasi yang diinginkan.

Future Time Orientation and Moral Self-image: An Analysis of Adolescents in Private and Government Schools in Punjab Pakistan

The purpose of the present research was to investigate future time orientation and moral self-image in the adolescents of government and private schools. A sample of 300 adolescents was studied from the government and private schools of Kharian, Pakistan by using simple random sampling technique. The construct of future time orientation was measured by using Time Orientation Scale (Zimbardo & Boyd 1999) whereas moral self-image was measured by using Moral Self Image Scale (Jordan, Leliveld, & Tenbrunsel, 2015). The data was analyzed by using simple regression and independent sample t-test. The results revealed that future time orientation was the significant predictor of moral-self-image [R²=.168; F (1, 298) = 60.103, p<.01]. Further, there was difference in the future time orientation of adolescents of government and private school (t (298) = 3.40, p<.05) and difference in moral self-image was not significant (t (298) = 1.02, p>.05). Whereas on gender there was a non-significant difference persist in the future time orientation (t (298) = .62, p>.05) and significant difference identified on moral self-image (t (298) = -2.1, p<.05). It was explored that future time orientation was the significant predicator of the moral self-image. Moreover, there was difference in the future time orientation of government and private school adolescents and no difference on the moral self-image. Moreover, no gender difference was established on future time orientation and a gender difference existed on the moral self-image.

Semantics and pragmatics of the imperative in the modern German language

The article deals with the imperative, one of the moods, which has a large scope of semantic and pragmatic functions. The author analyses the grammatical status of the imperative and the structure of its paradigm, proving its categorical belonging to both morphology and syntax. The main components of its semantics and the restrictions in the imperative forms usage are revealed and described. The semantics of the imperative is presented in connection with the future time orientation so that we can observe the synonymy of forms and constructions which express imperativeness through actualizing the meaning of the motivation for an action. The usage of the imperative forms in different speech acts is analyzed.

The relationship of gender, time orientation, and achieving self-regulated learning

<p class="RESUMENCURSIVA">The present study has three objectives: i) to test a theoretical model of academic achievement modulated by self-regulated learning; ii) to analyze significant differences between self-regulated learning means and time patterns depending on the gender of the participants; and iii) to identify self-regulated learning profiles toward academic achievement based on gender. The data were obtained from a sample of 192 university students in education degrees who were administered three instruments: a Future Time Orientation subscale by Zimbardo and Boyd, (1999); the 2x2 Achievement Goals Scale by Elliot and McGregor (2001), and a Learning Regulation subscale by Vermunt (1998). In addition, they answered a question about their mean grade point average up to that point in the academic degree studied. The results indicate a significant and positive relationship between the future time orientation, approach goals, and external regulation strategies. Significantly higher scores are observed in women than in men on key academic performance variables, although the effect size was not large. The gender differences are exclusively quantitative. In both groups, the characteristics of the learner profiles are somewhat similar, with no important differences observed for the gender condition. In general, avoidance goals and external regulation strategies can lead to success in academic achievement, as long as they are accompanied by a future orientation, internal regulation, and approach goals.</p>