scholarly journals Semantics and pragmatics of the imperative in the modern German language

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Elena V. Bodnaruk
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
German Language ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Future Time Orientation ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
Main Components

The article deals with the imperative, one of the moods, which has a large scope of semantic and pragmatic functions. The author analyses the grammatical status of the imperative and the structure of its paradigm, proving its categorical belonging to both morphology and syntax. The main components of its semantics and the restrictions in the imperative forms usage are revealed and described. The semantics of the imperative is presented in connection with the future time orientation so that we can observe the synonymy of forms and constructions which express imperativeness through actualizing the meaning of the motivation for an action. The usage of the imperative forms in different speech acts is analyzed.

FUTURE TIME ORIENTATION AND RELIGION

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengi Öner-Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Intrinsic Religiosity ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Future Time Orientation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Turkish Society

The purposes of this study were to evaluate whether Future Time Orientation (FTO) was associated with interest in the future beyond death, and/or with level of belief in religion, and also to validate an instrument aimed at measuring belief in religion in Turkish society. Gjesme's (1979) FTO scale was administered to 244 undergraduate students from Middle East Technical University together with a scale developed to measure Belief Orientations and a single-item measure designed to assess a subject's level of interest in the future beyond death. Results indicated that those who scored high in FTO also tended to score high in level of interest about the future beyond death and level of belief in God (intrinsic religiosity), compared to those who scored low in FTO. Research implications and suggestions for future studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Future Time Orientation and Moral Self-image: An Analysis of Adolescents in Private and Government Schools in Punjab Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Xuehong Qi ◽  
Iram Naz ◽  
Shumaila Akram
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Moral Self ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Future Time Orientation ◽  
The Future

The purpose of the present research was to investigate future time orientation and moral self-image in the adolescents of government and private schools. A sample of 300 adolescents was studied from the government and private schools of Kharian, Pakistan by using simple random sampling technique. The construct of future time orientation was measured by using Time Orientation Scale (Zimbardo & Boyd 1999) whereas moral self-image was measured by using Moral Self Image Scale (Jordan, Leliveld, & Tenbrunsel, 2015). The data was analyzed by using simple regression and independent sample t-test. The results revealed that future time orientation was the significant predictor of moral-self-image [R²=.168; F (1, 298) = 60.103, p<.01]. Further, there was difference in the future time orientation of adolescents of government and private school (t (298) = 3.40, p<.05) and difference in moral self-image was not significant (t (298) = 1.02, p>.05). Whereas on gender there was a non-significant difference persist in the future time orientation (t (298) = .62, p>.05) and significant difference identified on moral self-image (t (298) = -2.1, p<.05). It was explored that future time orientation was the significant predicator of the moral self-image. Moreover, there was difference in the future time orientation of government and private school adolescents and no difference on the moral self-image. Moreover, no gender difference was established on future time orientation and a gender difference existed on the moral self-image.

FUTURE TIME ORIENTATION, SOCIAL CLASS AND ANOMIA

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Koenig ◽  
William Swanson ◽  
Carl Harter
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Defense Reaction ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Future Time Orientation ◽  
The Future

One hundred seventy-two (172) subjects in a southern metropolitan area were given the Circles Test to determine future dominance and the “Srole Anomia Scale.” They were then assigned a social class ranking based on their education and occupation. It was found that social class was related inversely to anomia and directly to future time orientation. These results suggest that the avoidance of thinking about the future among the lower class is a defense reaction, both to the predominancy of anomia in their group and to the lack of power in their class.

A Study of Subjective Time and Death Anxiety in the Elderly

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Bascue ◽  
R. E. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Future Time Orientation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the relationship between death anxiety and future time orientation in elderly people. The sample was comprised of 88 women over the age of 62. The overall pattern of results suggests that the elderly may turn away from the future as a way of controlling death anxiety.

Some Factors Influencing Perceived Goal Distance in Time: A Preliminary Check

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torgrim Gjesme
Keyword(s):  
Physical Distance ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Future Time Orientation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Goal Distance

Perceived goal distance in time (PgD) is assumed to be influenced by (a) physical distance in time, (b) the individual's future-time orientation (FTO), (c) perceived intrinsic instrumentality of activity (PiI), and (d) the importance of the goal. The results, based on pupils (159 boys and 151 girls) in Grades 7, 8, and 9, showed that pupils high in future-time orientation (FTO) and perceived intrinsic instrumentality of activity (PiI), perceived any temporal distance (PgD) as shorter than those who were low in these variables. However, the most significant determinant of perceived goal distance in time (PgD), in addition to physical distance in time, was the importance of the future goal; a very important goal being perceived as much closer than an unimportant goal.

The impact of future time orientation on employees’ feedback-seeking behavior from supervisors and co-workers: The mediating role of psychological ownership

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Qian ◽  
Xiaosong Lin ◽  
Zhuo R. Han ◽  
Bowen Tian ◽  
George Z. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Future Time Orientation ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFuture time orientation is essential if an employee is to be motivated to conduct activities that generate long-term rather than immediate gain, and which may involve risk. Given that feedback seeking requires the employee to slow down and seek input, it is surprising that little is known about the relationship between future time orientation and feedback seeking. Drawing upon psychological ownership theory and construal-level theory, we hypothesized a positive influence of future time orientation on feedback seeking from various sources (i.e., supervisors and co-workers). We also hypothesized job-based psychological ownership as a newly identified motive of feedback seeking and employed it to explain how future time orientation exerts influences. Tested with data from a sample of 228 subordinate–supervisor dyads from China, the results revealed that (1) future time orientation was positively related to feedback seeking from supervisors and co-workers and (2) job-based psychology ownership mediated the relationship between future time orientation and feedback seeking.

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